A última década no Brasil foi marcada por grandes investimentos no setor imobiliário, incluindo a construção de unidades habitacionais para famílias de baixa renda. A despeito do volume de investimentos, a análise dos indicadores das carências habitacionais que pautaram as políticas públicas revela uma relativa persistência do chamado déficit habitacional. A análise deste indicador no período de 2007 a 2014 mostra que, dos quatro componentes que o integram, um tem chamado a atenção pelo seu crescimento: o ônus excessivo com aluguel urbano. Com o intuito de compreender o comportamento dos componentes do déficit habitacional e, em particular do ônus excessivo com aluguel urbano, o presente artigo traz uma reflexão conceitual do indicador à luz do referencial teórico da ecologia política urbana e de uma análise comparativa entre as metodologias de cálculo do déficit habitacional em países latino-americanos. A reflexão proposta neste trabalho pretende contribuir com a revisão crítica do indicador e aprimoramento do cálculo das carências habitacionais no Brasil.Palavras–chave: déficit habitacional, ônus com aluguel, ecologia política urbana, América Latina.Abstract The last decade in Brazil was marked by substantial investments in the real state sector, including the construction of new housing units for low-income households. Despite such a significant flow of resources, an appraisal of indicators related to housing needs that have guided public policies in the sector exposes a relative persistence of the so-called housing shortage. An analysis of the housing shortage indicator between 2007 and 2014 shows that one of its four essential components, the urban rental affordability stress, was the main responsible for the observed growth tendency. In order to understand the behavior of the components of the housing shortage and, particularly, of the urban rental affordability stress, the paper brings a conceptual discussion regarding the housing shortage indicator, by means of the theoretical framework provided by urban political ecology, as well as of a comparative analysis between the different calculation methodologies for this indicator adopted by Latin American countries. The proposed debate aims to contribute to a critical review of the housing shortage indicator and the improvement of the calculation of housing needs in Brazil.Keywords: housing shortage, rental affordability stress, urban political ecology, Latin America.
The article assesses carbon emissions from fuel combustion in the economy of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais between 2005 and 2016. An open Leontief model with hybrid units and incorporation of an energy sector was built using available input-output matrices and energy flows by economic sector. Overall, “Transport, storage, and mailing”, “Petroleum derivatives and ethanol”, and “Metallurgy” remained as the most relevant sectors in terms of emissions. Total and distributive impacts decreased between 2005 and 2013, with a trend reversal between 2013 and 2016. In addition to these sectors, “Mining” and “Agriculture, forestry and logging” were significant sources of emissions embedded in exports. A reduction of approximately 20% in sectoral average and aggregate emission requirements was observed, despite the substantial growth of the economy of the State in the period. There were decreasing returns to such gains, which, alongside the trend reversal at the end of the period, point to the role of specific macroeconomic factors in the observed outcomes and the need for new initiatives to curb emissions in the future.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os impactos de uma possível reoneração das exportações, considerando uma abordagem de Equilíbrio Geral Computável inter-regional, com foco no estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados sugerem que uma reoneração das vendas externas teria impacto negativo no nível de atividade econômica, uma vez que desestimularia exportações, gerando impactos negativos no nível de produção setorial, com queda no investimento e no consumo das famílias. Para Minas Gerais, os impactos negativos são maiores do que a média do Resto do Brasil, dado o perfil exportador do estado. Por outro lado, a receita arrecadada seria maior do que a queda no PIB, o que poderia auxiliar o ajuste fiscal pretendido no Estado. Uma simulação adicional mostra que a alocação da receita adicional em gasto público mais do que compensaria a perda de PIB gerada pela oneração.
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