ResumenEl presente estudio explora si se puede obtener un perfil cognitivo específico para niños/as con TDAH a partir de la Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños Cuarta Edición (WISC-IV), y si ese perfil es capaz de diferenciar entre los subtipos clínicos de TDAH. Se seleccionó un grupo de control de 47 niños/as y otro grupo clínico de 86 niños/as diagnosticados/as con TDAH, éste último dividido a su vez en dos subgrupos de acuerdo a sus características clínicas. El grupo clínico se caracterizó por una puntuación ICG>ICC respecto al grupo de control. Los subgrupos clínicos no obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente diferentes en ninguno de los índices, pero sí lo hicieron respecto a la distancia entre el Índice de Memoria de Trabajo y el Índice de Velocidad de Procesamiento. Para el subgrupo TDAH predominantemente inatento esta distancia fue positiva, mientras que para el subgrupo TDAH-combinado fue negativa. Estos resultados aportan evidencia empírica a la hipótesis de la existencia de un perfil cognitivo específico del TDAH, con potencial para discriminar entre subtipos clínicos de TDAH.Palabras clave: TDAH, WISC-IV, patrón cognitivo específico, memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento. AbstractThis study explores whether a specific cognitive profile for children with ADHD can be obtained through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and whether this profile is capable of differentiating between ADHD clinical subtypes. A control group of 47 children was selected, together with a clinical group of 86 children diagnosed with ADHD and divided into 2 subgroups, according to their clinical characteristics. The clinical group was characterized by a GAI > CPI with respect to the control group. The clinical subgroups did not score significantly lower in any index, but they did in the difference between the working memory index and the processing speed index. For those diagnosed with inattentive ADHD, this distance was positive; for those diagnosed with ADHD combined group, it was negative. These findings contribute empirical evidence to the hypothesis that there is a characteristic ADHD cognitive profile, with a potential ability of differentiating between ADHD clinical subtypes.
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