The present article examines the historical narrative proposed by modernization theory about the recent Spanish past. Its assumptions and consequences for historical research focused on the 19th century are described in order to understand the lack of intellectual exchange among historians and sociologists in the Spanish academic world. Modernization theory has justified the political consensus that allowed the Spanish transition to democracy and its academic authority has narrowed the scope of historical research about previous democratization processes. Although the paradigm of Spanish backwardness has been refuted by specialists on 19th-century Spain, sociologists, economists and historians of the 20th century still propose a teleological interpretation of the democratization process that assumes the validity of the paradigm of secular Spanish backwardness. The scientific and political authority of modernization theory has made impossible an open academic debate and consequently the work of historians that refute teleological interpretations of development has been neglected, since modernization theory provides a political interpretation of the Spanish Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War as historically determined failures in order to legitimize the present democratic monarchy and constitution.

El presente artículo estudia la Escuela Industrial de Artesanos de Valencia desde su fundación hasta su supresión. Iniciativa surgida de la diputación provincial contó desde el primer momento con la colaboración del claustro de profesores del instituto de enseñanza media, aunque tuvo un éxito irregular dependiendo de las circunstancias políticas. Sin embargo, la labor de dicha escuela y su independencia como institución pública despertaron los recelos de los patronos de la ciudad de Valencia, que intentaron controlar el acceso de los trabajadores a este tipo de enseñanza para fortalecer las relaciones de clientelismo en sus empresas.

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