This paper essentially introduces a new statistical technique of data analysis together with a practical application. The technique is Correspondence Analysis and it is designed to extract the maximum information from a two dimensional array of positive numbers, such as the concentrations of various elements in several samples. It combines the advantages of R– and Q–mode analysis and also considerably reduces the problems encountered in the practical application of these techniques: Scaling problems and computer costs. The diagrams, which are produced by projecting at the same time samples and variables on the same plane with proper scaling, aid the interpretation of geological processes. The example that is discussed concerns the Bourlamaque batholith, where igneous differentiation and metamorphism have been clearly identified as the major factors controlling its geochemistry. The complete mathematical formulation is given since it has apparently never been published in the geological literature of North America.
The Bourlamaque batholith, of Archean age, outcrops in the Val d'Or mining camp of northwest Quebec. In order to describe its geochemistry and interpret its origin, 82 samples of the main igneous body, of synplutonic dykes, and of related later dykes were studied petrographically and analysed for 21 elements. Geochemical interpretation was based mainly on petrochemical variation (Larsen) diagrams and on abundance ratios calculated for several element pairs. The batholith is composed of at least two consanguineous and differentiated dioritic intrusions, probably introduced as sills into surrounding flat-lying volcanic rocks, and now metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. Local metamorphism appears to have been essentially isochemical except for CO2 and Cu. The redistribution of copper during metamorphism seems potentially important for mineral exploration. The Bourlamaque batholith, poor in K, Rb, Sr, Mg, Cr, and Ni, seems chemically very like the enclosing Archean volcanic rocks and similar but not identical to Phanerozoic calc-alkaline suites.
In the optical analysis for partly glassy volcanic rocks the proportion of glass is underestimated and that of the minerals overestimated. An alternative method by microprobe analysis is suggested to overcome this problem.
La boninite à olivine étudiée est une roche vitroporphyrique très peu altérée, riche en verre (56 %) fortement hydraté, dépourvue de feldspaths et caractérisée par l'abondance de pyroxènes pauvres en calcium. Elle présente une paragenèse précoce très magnésienne, constituée de microphénocristaux de chromite (0,23 %) très chromifère et peu titanifère et de phénocristaux d'olivine (3,5 %) transformée en smectite, de clinoenstatite (15,4 %) de composition peu variable En 89,5 Wo 0,5 et d'orthopyroxène En 87,5 Wo 1,7. L'orthopyroxène (14,9 %) continue à cristalliser en microphénocristaux en évoluant jusqu'à Fs 57,9 Wo 2,8. Il constitue une deuxième paragenèse plus évoluée avec des microphénocristaux d'augite (6,7 %) riche en fer ferrique et des microlites d'amphibole tschermakitique (3,1 %) et de maghémite alumineuse (0,46 %). Les maghémites alumineuses sont des minéraux connus par synthèse et trouvés dans un milieu naturel pour la première fois dans cette boninite.
La paragenèse précoce de cette boninite présente des analogies avec les paragenèses des harzburgites ophiolitiques ; les chromites des boninites se distinguent cependant par des teneurs plus élevées en fer ferrique. En fonction de ce dernier fait, de l'absence de plagioclase et de la présence d'augites riches en fer ferrique, de maghémites alumineuses, d'amphibole et d'un verre fortement hydraté, un milieu oxydé et sous forte pression d'eau paraît caractériser l'origine et l'évolution du magma générateur de la boninite étudiée.
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