Mortality with HIV-1 infection was associated not only with opportunistic infections and malignancies but also with competing causes of death, particularly hepatic disease. Further investigation is needed to clarify whether alcohol, analgesics, hepatitis viruses, or other agents have enhanced hepatotoxicity for HIV-1 infected patients.

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This paper reports the results of the cross-sectional phase of a long-term follow-up investigation, carried out on a sample representative of the broad population of HIV-1 infected patients, with the objective of evaluating the possible neurocognitive effects of zidovudine and 2', 3'-dideoxyinosine, compared to a group of people who refused antiretroviral therapy. The sample was composed of 88 people, 42 of whom were treated with ZDV at a daily dose of 500-600 mg, 19 with ddI at a daily dose of 400 mg, and 27 with no therapy. To assess the relevance of different antiretroviral therapies on cognitive performance adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, a stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed with neuropsychological performance as the dependent variable and age, educatian, sex, at-risk behaviour, C'D4 count, presence of prominent depressive and anxious symptoms, HIV-1 serostatus and type of antiretroviral treatment as independent variables. The results confirm that people with AIDS and AIDS-related complex treated with ZDV and ddI show a better neuropsychological performance when compared to non-treated patients. By examining the mean performance on each of the previous neuropsychological tests, we found that the most impaired functions in untreated patients were related to short-term memory, long-term memory, vocational competence, and ultimate adjustment.