Probiotics have been used in humans for almost a century and are widely recommended because they play an important role in gastrointestinal physiological and pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effi- cacy and safety of a probiotic mixture in healthy volunteers with evacuation disorders. We undertook a prospective study with historical control. We used the number of evacuations, effort and stool consistency 10 days before, 10 days during and 10 days after treatment with the probiotic as primary outcome measures. Eligible par-ticipants comprised 25 patients with an average age of 25.12 years (range: 18 - 55) who suffered from evacuation disorders. BIO L6 is a func- tional food consisting of a probiotic preparation that contains 1 mg (108 CFUs) of lyophilized strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria resuspended in 250 mL of drinking water. The probiotic preparation was prescribed daily for two weeks, five days a week. A significant increase in the number of evacuations was observed in 23 patients during BIO L6 consump- tion and continued in 20 after consumption. The degree of effort spent defecating decreased in 17 patients during treat- ment and in 7 after treatment. A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in stool consistency was also observed in all pa- tients receiving BIO L6. Fourteen patients had at least one adverse event (AE) for one or two days during treatment; most treatment-related AEs were considered minor or mild in terms of severity and were consistent with AEs reported for probiotic consumption. The results of this study suggest that the use of probiotic mixture BIO L6 is effective, safe and tolerable and provides beneficial effects for subjects with evacuations disorders

Our aim was to compare analogue A21 vs amphotericin B (AmB) in a mouse model of candidiasis. For the study, we used male Balb/c mice, which were randomly divided into six groups: control, candidiasis, AmB Indofine 4mg/kg, AmB Abelcet®, analogue A21 4 mg/kg and analogue A21 12 mg/kg. Candidiasis model was carried out by inoculated 5×107UFC/mL of Candida albicans 10231 yest P.O., 23 days after the treatment was given for the group along two weeks. Mice were sacrificed and liver, small intestine, lung and kidney were collected and then sectioned and fixed in phosphate‐buffered 4% formaldehyde for histological analysis. Samples were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. Tissues with candidiasis showed alterations in their structures, in kidney, the number of glomeruli and tubules were decreased, while in the liver showed necrosis and apoptosis areas, also in intestine and lung showed alteration on their architecture. The analogue A21 at two concentrations impoved the structure of lungs and intestine, in kidney improved the structure and increase the number of glomeruli as AmB, in liver improved the structure at 12mg/kg. In conclusion, the analogue A21 improves the structure of tissues damaged by candidiasis like amphotericinB.

The management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has witnessed significant changes over the past decade. The ambition to improve outcomes further, minimize safety concerns and provide more convenient means of administration are all factors that continue to drive continued drug development. The new emerging therapies for the management of RA illustrate much diversity, both in terms of both drug technology as well as the immunological target. Immuno‐modulator metallopeptides (IMMP) is a new factor that could act as biological drug for the management of RA. Our aim is to evaluate IMMP effect on an in vivo model of autoimmune RA. RA in Wistar rats was induced by administration of bovine collagen II. IMMP (50 ng/Kg), i.p., three times a week for 21 days was administrated to Wistar females rats with bovine collagen II‐induced arthritis. The IMMP treatment eliminated all inflammation in 25% of rats, in addition, the treatment reduced the inflammation in 50 % on other 25 % of rats, and meanwhile the remaining 50 % of animals there were no changes. anti‐inflammatory effect. IMMP treatment decreased the breakdown of bone and cartilage, as well as serum levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4. Histological studies showed that IMMP did not produce alterations in the lymphoid tissues, as well as other organs.