Assessment of the stability and adaptability of a genotype to different environments is useful for recommending cultivars for known conditions of cultivation and should be a requirement in breeding programs. Twenty maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars were tested at eight locations in Minas Gerais by the National Center for Maize and Sorghum Research (CNPMS) of the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA) for two years. The experiments involved a randomized complete block design in which three procedures were used to analyze cultivar stability and adaptability. The level of association among the parameters obtained by the three methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Hybrids 'DINA 170', 'G-96C', 'C 505', 'DINA 70' and 'C 435' had a mean yield greater than 6,000 kg/ha. Eberhart and Russell's regression coefficient (betai) was negative and correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with Lin and Binn's superiority index (Pi), indicating that the most responsive cultivars tended to have smaller Pi. Pi did not correlate with Huehn's nonparametric measurements Si(2) and Si(3) nor with Eberhart and Russell's sigmadi² (P > or = 0.05), but correlated positively with Si(1) (P < 0.05), indicating that superior genotypes (with lower Pi) could also be stable, a finding not commonly reported in the literature. The stability parameters, Si(1), Si(2), Si(3) and sigmadi², correlated positively among each other (P < 0.01), indicating that the stability estimates of the Huehn's nonparametric model did not add important information to those obtained by the Eberhart and Russell's method. Estimates from the Huehn's method, however, showed that stability estimates from nonparametric models are useful alternatives to parametric models. 'DINA 170', which had a greater general mean, was characterized as a cultivar adapted to favorable environments, and was among the most productive in the different environments assessed. The cultivar 'G-96C' showed medium adaptation to all environments (ideal cultivar) and had good stability. Cultivars 'C 505' and 'C435' were alternatives for 'G-96C'. 'DINA 70' showed good adaptability but had low stability.
O conhecimento sobre a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de comportamento de genótipos contém informações muito úteis para a recomendação de cultivares para condições de cultivo conhecidas a priori, de modo que a avaliação da resposta dos genótipos às variações ambientais deve ser etapa obrigatória em programas de melhoramento. Para caracterizar 20 cultivares de milho, foram realizados dez ensaios (oito localidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, em dois anos) no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS) da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa). Três procedimentos estatísticos foram adotados para a análise da estabilidade e adaptabilidade dos cultivares e avaliou-se o grau de associação entre os parâmetros dos três métodos por meio da correlação classificatória de Spearman. 'DINA 170', 'G-96C', 'C 505', 'DINA 70' e 'C 435' de...

The influence of temperature on the fatty acid composition of the oils from conventional and high oleic sunflower genotypes grown in tropical regions was evaluated under various environmental conditions in Brazil (from 0° S to 23° S). The amounts of the oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids from the sunflower oil were determined using gas chromatography (GC). The environment exhibited little influence on the amounts of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in high oleic genotypes of sunflower. In conventional genotypes, there was broad variation in the average amounts of these two fatty acids, mainly as a function of the minimum temperature. Depending on the temperature, especially during the maturation of the seeds, the amount of oleic acid in the oil of conventional sunflower genotypes could exceed 70 %. Higher temperatures led to average increases of up to 35 % for this fatty acid. Although the minimum temperature had the strongest effect on the fatty acid composition, locations at the same latitude with different minimum temperatures displayed similar values for both oleic acid and linoleic acid. Furthermore, minimum temperature had little influence on the amounts of palmitic and stearic fatty acids in the oil.

Adaptability and stability of sunflower genotypes in Central BrazilAbstract -The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of sunflower genotype grain and oil yield, in Central Brazil. The analyzed data were obtained from sunflower genotype trials coordinated by Embrapa Soja, from 2004 to 2007. Genotype adaptability and stability were evaluated using the methods of Eberhart & Russell, Porto et al., Rocha et al., and Annicchiarico. The Annicchiarico method divides sites into favorable and unfavorable environments. This method and the one of Porto et al. were similar and more adequate to evaluate genotypic adaptability. For grain yield, the varieties BRSGira 02 and Nutrissol were widely adapted. The hybrids Agrobel 959, MG50 and V03005 and the varieties Catissol and Multissol were adapted to favorable environments and the hybrids BRHS 02 and BRHS 04 were adapted to unfavorable environments. For oil yield, the hybrids Agrobel 959, V03005, MG50, VDH 487, EXP 1441, EXP 1447, and EXP 1446 and the varieties BRSGira 01, BRSGira 02, and Nutrissol were widely adapted. The hybrid MG52 and the varieties Catissol and Multissol were adapted to favorable environments and BRHS 04 and BRHS 02 were adapted to unfavorable environments. The selected genotypes were shown to be stable, but at different levels.

RESUMOO fornecimento adequado e equilibrado de nutrientes para o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) por meio da calagem e adubação pode contribuir para o aumento da produtividade e o valor nutricional dos grãos. Portanto, avaliou-se o efeito da adubação na produtividade, componentes da produção, nos teores de macro e micronutrientes, proteína e triptofano nos grãos de três cultivares de feijão (Aporé, Pérola e Rudá). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo locados nas parcelas as diferentes adubações (N 1 -não adubado; N 2 -adubação para produtividade esperada de até 1.200 kg ha -1 , N 3 -adubação para produtividade esperada acima de 2.500 kg ha -1). As subparcelas constaram das três cultivares. As adubações utilizadas foram suficientes para alcançar os níveis de produtividade esperados. A cultivar Rudá destacou-se das demais, com os maiores teores de Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn e B. A cultivar Aporé apresentou os maiores teores de K, N, proteína e triptofano. A cultivar Pérola obteve os maiores teores de Ca e P. A recomendação de adubação para atingir produtividade superior a 2.500 kg ha -1 de grãos proporcionou as maiores produtividades, os maiores teores de K, N, Fe, Cu, Mn, B, proteína e triptofano nos grãos de feijão.Termos para indexação: Teores de nutrientes, proteína, triptofano, Phaseolus vulgaris L. ABSTRACTThe appropriate and balanced supply of nutrients of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) achieved by liming and fertilization can contribute towards increasing the grain yield and nutritional value. It was evaluated the effect of the levels of fertilization on the productivity, components of the production, composition of macro and micronutrients, protein and tryptophan in the grains of three bean cultivars (Aporé, Pérola and Rudá). The experimental design was composed of random blocks, with four replicates, in split-plot design, considering the different levels of fertilization (N 1 -no fertilized; N 2 -fertilization level for an expected grain yield of 1,200 kg ha -1 , N 3 -fertilization for expected grain yield above 2,500 kg ha -1 ). The split-plot random blocks design consisted of the three cultivars. The fertilizers used were adequate to reach the expected levels of productivity. The higher productivity was obtained when all cultivars were fertilized N 3 . Rudá cultivar showed the largest levels of Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B. Aporé cultivar presented the largest levels of K, N, protein and tryptophan, while the cultivar Pérola showed the largest levels of Ca and P. The fertilizing recommendation to obtain productivity superior to 2,500 kg ha -1 , produced the largest levels of K, N, Fe, Cu, Mn, B, protein and tryptophan in the bean grains.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this experiment was to calibrate the NIR spectroscopy equation to evaluate the oil content of sunflower seeds from different genotypes produced under different environmental conditions in Brazil. The spectra of 901 standard samples obtained from 88 hybrids and 116 lines, which were evaluated in 11 locations, were collected from intact seeds (achenes) and correlated with data generated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The calibration was determined by linear regression using partial least squares to estimate the parameters. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), standard error of calibration (SEC) and the standard error of performance (SEP). The wavelengths ranging from 1319 to 1760 nm were selected for the calibration. The R 2 was 0.87, the SEC was 2.39, and the SEP was 1.97. The oil content values obtained for the 19 hybrid seeds analyzed by NIR spectroscopy that were not included in the calibration were similar to the values obtained using the chemical method. The similarities between the values obtained using both methods and the R 2 , SEC and SEP values indicated that it is possible to establish a calibration equation using NIR spectroscopy to determine the oil contents of sunflower seeds produced under Brazilian field conditions. Keywords: Helianthus annuus, intact seed, spectral analysis.Predição do teor de óleo em sementes de genótipos de girassol por espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) RESUMO. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer uma equação de calibração pela análise da espectroscopia de NIR para a avaliação dos teores de óleo em sementes de genótipos de girassol obtidas em condições ambientais brasileiras. Os espectros de 901 amostras padrões, provenientes de 88 híbridos e 116 linhagens avaliados em 11 localidades, foram coletados de aquênios intactos e correlacionados com os valores de óleo obtidos por análise de ressonância magnética nuclear. A equação de calibração foi determinada por regressão linear, cujos parâmetros foram estimados pelo método de mínimos quadrados parciais. A precisão foi verificada pelo coeficiente de determinação (R 2 ), erro padrão de calibração (SEC) e pelo erro padrão de desempenho (SEP). A região de comprimento de onda entre 1319 e 1760 nm foi selecionada para a calibração. O R 2 foi 0,87, o SEC foi 2,39 e o SEP foi de 1,97. Adicionalmente, a análise do teor de óleo pelo NIR de 19 híbridos não incluídos na calibração foi similar aos valores obtidos no método químico padrão. Esta similaridade e os valores de R 2 , SEC e SEP possibilitaram inferir que é possível estabelecer uma equação de calibração pela espectroscopia de NIR para a avaliação do teor de óleo em sementes de genótipos de girassol cultivados em condições ambientais brasileiras. Palavras-chave:Helianthus annuus, sementes intactas, análise spectral.