RESUMO:Descreve-se a morfo-anatomia e a análise de óleo essencial das folhas de Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae), uma planta tóxica. A ocorrência de tricomas unicelulares, estômatos paracíticos; braquiesclereídes em grupos no pecíolo e na lâmina foliar, além de esclereídes vermiformes e ramiformes; sistema vascular em arco, com extremidades voltadas para o centro no pecíolo e na forma de arco atenuado na lâmina foliar, sendo o padrão de venação uma variação do tipo craspedódromo-semicraspedódromo, além de óleo essencial armazenado em idioblastos oleíferos não especializados no mesofilo, foram considerados caracteres importantes que podem auxiliar na sua morfo-diagnose. A análise do óleo essencial das folhas revelou a presença de monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos e álcoois sesquiterpênicos, sendo este o grupo mais significativo. Os componentes majoritários identificados foram β-felandreno (24,0%), seguido por germacreno D (10,5%), sabineno (9,3%), biciclogermacreno (8,4%) e β-elemeno (5,3%). Unitermos:Hennecartia omphalandra, Monimiaceae, plantas tóxicas, anatomia foliar, óleo essencial.ABSTRACT: "Anatomy and essential oil analysis of the leaves from Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae)". This paper describes the morphological and anatomical aspects and the essential oil analysis of the leaves from Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae), a toxic plant. The presence of trichomes formed by a single cell, paracitic stomata, groups of braquisclereids in the petiole and leaf blade; vermiform and ramiform sclereids, vascular system in arc softly invaginated at ends in the petiole, and in a flat arc in the middle vein, being the venation pattern a variation of craspedodromous-semicraspedodromous type, and essential oil stored in oil idioblasts in the mesophyll were the most important characters that can help the morphological diagnosis. The analysis of essential oil of the leaves showed the presence of monoterpenes, as well as sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and alcohols, being the latter the most significant group. The major identified compounds were β-phelandrene (24.0%), germacrene D (10.5%), sabinene (9.3%), bicyclogermacrene (8.4%) and β-elemene (5.3%).
RESUMO:Descreve-se o estudo morfo-anatômico e a análise de óleo essencial do fruto de Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae), uma planta tóxica. A ocorrência de feixes recurrentes e de um anel descontínuo de braquiesclereides no hipanto; assim como a presença de células oleíferas no mesocarpo, de "idioesclereídes" formando o endocarpo e de células com espessamento parietal em rede, constituindo a testa da semente, foram considerados caracteres importantes que podem auxiliar na sua morfo-diagnose. A análise do óleo essencial dos frutos revelou a presença de monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos e álcoois sesquiterpênicos, sendo este o grupo mais signifi cativo. Os componentes majoritários identifi cados foram o biciclogermacreno (19,6%) e o ß-felandreno (8,7%), além do germacreno D (5,3%), -bulneseno (5,1%) e valerianol (4,9%). Unitermos:Hennecartia omphalandra, Monimiaceae, plantas tóxicas, fruto múltiplo, óleo essencial.ABSTRACT: "Anatomical considerations and essential oil analysis of the hypanthium and the fruit of Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae)". The morphological and anatomical aspects of fl ower and fruit and the essential oil analysis of fruits of Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poisson (Monimiaceae), a toxic plant, are described in this paper. The presence of vascular recurrent bundles and of a ring of brachysclereids in the hypanthium; the oil cells in the mesocarp, the "idiosclereids" that constitutes the endocarp and cells with reticulated thick walls, shaping the seed coat were described as characters that may help in its diagnosis. The analysis of the essential oil of fruits showed the presence of monoterpenes, as well as sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and alcohols, being the latter the most signifi cant group. The major identifi ed compounds were bicyclogermacrene (19.6%); ß-felandrene (8.7%); germacrene D (5.3%); -bulnesene (5.1%) and valerianol (4.9%).
Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Rhamnaceae, is a plant native to northeast Brazil where it is known as "juazeiro." Its bark, rich in saponins, is widely utilized in folk medicine and as a supply to produce cosmetics. Aiming at the preservation of the species and the search for an alternative vegetal raw material, the phytochemical profiles of bark and leaves were compared by chemical techniques. The foaming index and gravimetric studies indicated that, in general, bark values were approximately twice than those of the leaves. The same occurred with the hemolysis indexes. Extracts were dereplicated by liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to mass spectrometry analyses using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source, which indicated that at least 5 saponins were common to all bark and leaf samples. The direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses revealed at least 44 different saponins distributed between the bark and leaves of the analyzed plant, of which 40 were described for the first time. The data showed that there were similarities between the studied plant organs as demonstrated by mass spectrometry, foaming index, and hemolysis indexes. Therefore, with the application of a suitable standardization procedure the leaves could be a promising source for obtaining "juazeiro-type" saponins.
RESUMO Neste trabalho descreve-se o desenvolvimento da lâmina foliar de Beilschmiedia rigida (Mez) Kosterm., desde o surgimento do primórdio foliar no ápice vegetativo até sua completa expansão. São apontadas características como - presença de tricomas apenas nas folhas jovens; ocorrência de projeções parietais e invaginações protoplasmáticas nas paredes anticlinais e periclinais das células epidérmicas; estômatos paracíticos de origem mesoperígena; hipoderme em três estratos na face adaxial e em apenas um na face abaxial da lâmina foliar e células secretoras que surgem nos primeiros estágios de diferenciação da folha assim como idioblastos cristalíferos em grupos.
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