Photosynthetic efficiency has become the target of several breeding programs since the positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and yield in soybean suggests that the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency may be a promising target for new yield gains. However, studies on combining ability of soybean genotypes for physiological traits are still scarce in the literature. The objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability of soybean genotypes based on F2 generation aiming to identify superior parents and segregating populations for physiological traits. Twenty-eight F2 populations resulting from partial diallel crossings between eleven lines were evaluated in two crop seasons for the physiological traits: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and transpiration. General combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the F2 populations were estimated. Our findings reveal the predominance of additive effects in controlling the traits. The genotype TMG 7062 IPRO is the most promising parent for programs aiming at photosynthetic efficiency. We have also identified other promising parents and proposed cross-breeding with higher potential for obtaining superior lines for photosynthetic efficiency.

Correlation between common bean production and physical attributes of an Oxisol in Mato Grosso do Sul State, BrazilIn Brazil, common bean is in one of the most representative economic crops, not only because of its growing area but also because of the economic value of its production. In the crop year 2006/07, in Selvíria (MS), we analyzed the common bean yield as a function of some physical attributes of a Typic Acrustox in minimum tillage and center pivot irrigation system. The aim of this work was to evaluate among the soil physical attributes, under minimum tillage, those that better explain the variability of bean yield using the Pearson and spatial correlations,. A geostatistical grid was installed to collect data from soil and plants, with 117 sampling points in an area of 2025 m 2 and homogeneous slope of 0.055 m m -1 . The results showed a low yield of bean, which occurred probably due to a lower density of plants that the system provided. Thus, for the minimum tillage system, the bean yield could be explained as a function of total porosity and bulk density.Key words: management system, penetration resistance, soil moisture, bulk density, Phaseolus vulgaris L. No Brasil, a cultura do feijoeiro é uma das mais representativas explorações agrícolas, não só pela área de cultivo, como também pelo valor econômico de sua produção. No ano agrícola de 2006/07, no município de Selvíria (MS), foi analisada a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, em função de alguns atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em sistema de cultivo mínimo e irrigado com pivô central. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar, dentre os atributos físicos do solo, sob cultivo mínimo, aqueles que melhor expliquem, pela correlação de Pearson e espacialmente, a variabilidade da produtividade de grãos de feijão. Para tanto, foi instalada uma malha geoestatística, para a coleta de dados do solo e da planta, com 117 pontos amostrais, numa área de 2025 m 2 e declive homogêneo de 0,055 m m -1 , 5%. Os resultados mostraram que houve baixa produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, ocorrida provavelmente por causa de uma menor densidade de plantas que esse sistema proporcionou. Dessa forma, para o sistema de cultivo mínimo do solo, a produtividade de feijão pôde ser explicada, em função da porosidade total e da densidade do solo.Palavras-chave: sistema de manejo, resistência à penetração, umidade, densidade do solo, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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Farmers focus on reducing the cost of production and aim to increase profit. The objective of this study was to quantify the reduction of pesticides applied to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and maize (Zea mays L.) crops in several stages of the production cycle using a site-specific spraying application based on real-time sensors in the Brazilian Cerrado region. The sprayers were equipped with a precision spraying control system based on a real-time sensor. The spraying operations were performed not only for herbicide, but also for fungicide and insecticides applications. The maps recorded the percentage of the spray boom when the application was turned on (on/off spray system) with nozzle-to-nozzle control. The precision spraying system based on real-time sensors reduced the volume of pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides) applied to soybean and maize crops. There was a more significant reduction in the volume of pesticides applied post-emergence of the crops in the initial stages of soybean and maize when the crops had less leaf area or less foliage coverage between the rows. The cost reduction achieved using this technology was 2.3 times lower than the cost associated with pesticide application over the entire area using a conventional sprayer. Under the experimental conditions, there were no differences in the average crop yield, compared to the historical productivity of soybean and maize crops by applying this technology because the recommended doses were not affected and the site of application was limited to points where the presence of plants was present was detected.

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