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The combined performance of a synthetic CaO-Ca12Al14O33 sorbent and an Ni-MgAl2O4 reforming catalyst was tested in a fluidized bed reactor under relevant operating conditions for the sorption-enhanced reforming (SER) process. The effect of CH4 space velocity (i.e. kgCH4/h•kgcat), steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio and superficial gas velocity on product gas composition was assessed, as well as the effect of regeneration conditions on material performance. Moreover, a bi-functional material prepared by mechanical mixing of the separate materials was also tested in the reactor under consecutive SER/regeneration cycles. H2 contents as high as 96 vol% (N2 free, dry basis) were achieved under SER operation, using the separated materials working with an Ni content of 3.75 wt% in the solid bed at 650 ºC with S/C ratios of 3 and 4. This solid system is able to process up to 0.63 kgCH4/h•kgcat at 0.1 m/s superficial gas velocity and with an S/C ratio of 4, although the CH4 input has to be reduced to 0.33 kgCH4/h•kgcat when working with a lower S/C ratio. Similar H2 contents to those found in the separated materials were obtained with the combined sorbent-catalyst material working with 0.33 kgCH4/h•kgcat at 0.1 m/s superficial gas velocity and S/C ratios of 3 and 4. The CO2 sorption capacity of the combined material produced the same as that of the separate sorbent particles (i.e. around 0.25 gCO2/g calcined sorbent), while remaining stable throughout the SER/regeneration cycles.

Lorazepam belongs to the highly potent benzodiazepine family, of which it shares the 5 intrinsic properties: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative and hypnotic, anticonvulsive, and muscle relaxant. Although allergic reactions to benzodiazepines are rare, delayed hypersensitivity reactions have been reported [1], including fixed drug eruption (FDE) due to lormetazepam [2]. We report a case of lorazepam-induced FDE.A 68-year-old man was referred to our department to rule out drug allergy. He had a history of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, nonallergic rhinitis, bladder carcinoma, nephrectomy, and ureterectomy. He was receiving long-term treatment with amlodipine, olmesartan, allopurinol, statins, and tamsulosin.The patient had developed cutaneous pruritus and macular lesions on the trunk and limbs during hospitalization after bladder surgery; these were diagnosed as urticaria and treated with parenteral corticosteroids and antihistamines. The lesions lasted for several days and healed with residual hyperpigmentation. At that time, they were thought to have been caused by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metamizole, which had been administered for several days before surgery. Once the patient had been discharged, he presented the same kind of lesions at the same sites 8 hours after taking a lorazepam tablet to treat insomnia. The patient also reported taking a lorazepam tablet while in hospital.Since the first suspected diagnosis was FDE, patch tests were performed with the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) standard battery and the drugs involved (amoxicillin-clavulanic 10% pet, metamizole 10% pet, and lorazepam 30% pet) at the affected sites, with negative readings at 48 and 96 hours. Skin prick tests and intradermal tests subsequently carried out with metamizole and ß-lactams yielded negative results. Controlled oral challenge tests with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metamizole also yielded negative results. Finally, a controlled oral challenge test performed with lorazepam (0.5 mg, repeated 1 hour later) was positive: 30 minutes after the cumulative dose of 1 mg, the patient developed pruritus with macular erythematous lesions on the palms and hypothenar eminences. The lesions progressed during the following 48 hours and increased in number on the trunk and limbs ( Figure), with subsequent appearance of vesicles on the mucosa of the hard palate. Peripheral eosinophilia (10%) was also observed, and transaminases were not elevated. The patient was successfully treated with oral corticosteroids and antihistamines. His condition resolved within 15 days. On the basis of these findings, the study was extended using patch tests with a benzodiazepine series (lorazepam, midazolam, diazepam, bromazepam, zolpidem, and triazolam; 30% in pet) at the site of the residual lesion. However, the results were negative. To prevent further reactions, the patient was advised to avoid benzodiazepines. Previous studies have shown no cross-reactivity between tetrazepam and other ...

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