Resumen.-La variabilidad temporal de la densidad de la macrofauna y su relación con las propiedades del agua y sedimento fue estudiada a través de muestreos mensuales en una ensenada estuarina de la Laguna de los Patos, Brasil, de enero a diciembre de 2001. Las características del agua y del sedimento mostraron un nítido patrón estacional. Los mayores valores de salinidad y temperatura del agua se observaron en los meses de verano, mientras que un aumento de las fracciones finas en el sedimento ocurrió durante el invierno. Durante el estudio fueron recolectadas 18 especies, con un total de 38.827 organismos. El bivalvo Erodona mactroides, el tanaidaceo Kalliapseudes schübartii, los poliquetos Heteromastus similis y Nephtys fluviatilis y el gasterópodo Heleobia australis fueron los organismos dominantes, correspondiendo juntos, al 90% de la abundancia total. La macrofauna también mostró un patrón estacional de distribución, con las mayores densidades registradas durante los meses de verano (enero = 62.205 ind. m -2 ) y las menores en invierno (julio = 9.410 ind. m -2 ). Este patrón es resultante del proceso reproductivo de las especies, el cual comienza con el aumento de la temperatura a partir de fines de primavera. Las bajas densidades en el invierno están relacionadas con el efecto de una fuerte depredación sobre estos organismos asociada con la ausencia de reclutamientos efectivos en los meses fríos. Las alteraciones sedimentarias también pueden haber contribuido a la reducción de la densidad de la macrofauna durante el invierno.Palabras clave: Bentos, fondos blandos, estuario, Océano Atlántico suroesteAbstract.-Temporal variability of the macrofauna density and its relationship with water and sediments characteristics were studied through monthly sampling at an estuarine embayment of the Patos Lagoon, Brazil from January to December 2001. Both, water and sediments characteristics showed distinct seasonal patterns. High salinity and water temperature values were registered in summer months. Increase of fine fractions in the sediments occurred in cold months. A total of 38,827 individuals represented by 18 species were collected during the study period. The bivalve Erodona mactroides, the tanaid Kalliapseudes schübartii, the polychaetes Heteromastus similis and Nephtys fluviatilis, and the gastropod Heleobia australis were the dominant organisms, accounting for more than 90% of total macrofauna. The macrofauna also showed a seasonal pattern, with the highest density found in summer (January = 62, and the lowest one in winter (July = 9,410 ind. m -2 ). This pattern results from the species reproductive process, which was strongly correlated to the increase of water temperature at the end of spring. The low macrofauna densities in winter are related to a high predation during summer along with the absence of effective recruitment in cold months. Furthermore, sedimentary proprieties changes due to natural climatic disturbances could also be important factors controlling the estuarine macrofauna of the Patos Lagoo...
Benthic macrofauna zonation was studied for one year (June 2004 to May 2005 with monthly sampling on Cassino Beach, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three sites (spaced 50 m apart) were selected. Three transects were anchored at each site, spaced equidistantly 2 m apart. Each transect extended from the base of the primary dunes to the inner surf zone at approximately 1m in depth, with between 7 and 8 sampling levels. Monthly, with a 20 cm diameter core, one biological sample was collected per transect at each level, a total of nine samples per level. Within transects, the distance between the levels was 20 m until the upper swash zone, from which the distance was 10 m until the 1-meter isobath. Zonation proved to be variable throughout the year. Variability was mainly a reflection of the greater instability of the lower part of the beach, which comprised the lower mesolittoral zone and the inner surf zone. This was evidenced seasonally with the formation of distinct groups of fauna in accordance with the peculiarity of each season of the year. The formation of these groups was strongly influenced by fluctuations in densities stemming from recruitments and the migration of juvenile and adult infauna, as well as superimposing of the distribution of organisms as a result of rises in sea level due to storms. RESUMOA zonação da macrofauna bentônica na praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi estudada durante um ano (junho 2004 a maio de 2005) com base em coletas mensais. Para isso escolheu-se 3 locais, com 50 m de distância um do outro, sendo que em cada local foram fundeadas 3 transversais 2 m eqüidistantes. Cada transversal se estendeu desde a base das dunas primárias até aproximadamente 1m de profundidade no infralitoral, sendo 7 a 8 níveis de coleta distribuídos em cada uma das transversais. Mensalmente, utilizando-se um tubo extrator de 20 cm de diâmetro, coletou-se uma amostra biológica por transversal em cada nível, totalizando nove amostras por nível. A distância dos níveis de coleta em cada transversal foi de 20 m até o limite superior da zona de varrido, a partir da qual a distância foi de 10 m. A zonação mostrou-se variável ao longo do ano, sendo que esta variabilidade refletiu, principalmente, a maior instabilidade da zona inferior da praia, que compreendeu o mesolitoral inferior e a zona de arrebentação interna. Isto ficou evidenciado sazonalmente, com a formação de distintos grupos faunísticos de acordo com a peculiaridade de cada estação do ano. A formação destes grupos foi fortemente influenciada pelas flutuações das densidades, decorrentes dos recrutamentos e migrações de juvenis e adultos da infauna, e da sobreposição da distribuição dos organismos, em função da elevação do nível da água devido às ressacas.
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