An observational cohort study was performed in patients with diagnosis of brain AVM in a third level medical center in Mexico City, from December 2007 to January 2018. Patients were divided into 3 groups: small (S-M Grade I and II), Transitional (S-M Grade III) and Giant (S-M Grade IV and V). and then these groups subcategorized in bimodal treatment (embolization plus microsurgery) and others (microsurgery, radiosurgery, conservative). Functional outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and compared between the 2 groups before treatment and 24 months follow-up.
97 patients were diagnosed, 22 excluded due to inconsistency in medical records or abandoning the treatment. The final sample analyzed was 75 patients. The overall had a mean age of 22 [14-38] years and the predominant sex was male in 55% (n=41). The clinical presentation was: focal neurological deficit 28% (n=21), seizures 27% (n=20), headache 24% (n=18), and intracranial hemorrhage 21% (n=16). Only seven (9.3%) patients from the total sample developed trans-procedural rupture of brain AVM, After 24 months follow up 24 (31.9%) patients remains with neurological sequel, and four (5.3%) died. In low grade brain AVMs the mean MRS decreased from 2.5±1.2 to 0.7±0.9, in transitional grade brain AVMs from 2.3±1.7 to 0.9±1, and in giant AVMs 2.4±1.1 to 2.3±2.1.
Bimodal or multimodal treatment should be carefully considered in high-grade arteriovenous malformations. The main objective, having embolization as a first step is to reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding, obliterating feeder arteries that will be difficult to control with microsurgery. Additionally, the risk of trans procedure rupture of the bAVM is directly proportional to the “aggressiveness” which it is treated.
The diagnosis and management of bile duct diseases during pregnancy are highly controversial because preserving both the fetus and pregnancy often required surgical intervention. In this manuscript we reported three cases of pregnant patients referred to our hospital with choledochal cyst. Medical management was implemented until fetal well-being was compromise with moderate cholangitis and oligohydramnios. A C-section prior induction with lung ripeness was performed, four weeks later cyst resection and biliodigestive derivation was performed prior preoperative parenteral total nutrition was implemented. All patients and products survived without complications.
La patogénesis de los aneurismas intracraneales asociados a malformaciones arteriovenosas cerebrales no es bien entendida y es aún objeto de discusión. Las decisiones sobre cuándo y cómo tratar los aneurismas intracraneales de estas características siempre han sido un reto terapéutico tanto para neurocirujanos vasculares como para terapistas endovasculares neurológicos. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 51 años con aneurismas múltiples asociados a una malformación arteriovenosa, así como su manejo neuroquirúrgico, con un análisis comparativo con lo publicado en la literatura médica y científica en los últimos 10 años.
La patogénesis de aneurismas intracraneales (AI) asociados a malformaciones arteriovenosas cerebrales (MAVc) no es bien entendida y es aún objeto de discusión; el desarrollo de estas lesiones puede estar relacionado a la presencia de factores hemodinámicos creados por la presencia del cortocircuito arteriovenoso, por esta razón la mayoría de los aneurismas se encuentran proximales a las arterias aferentes a la malformación. La embolización endovascular por etapas en grandes malformaciones arteriovenosas cerebrales se realiza con frecuencia para reducir gradualmente el flujo y prevenir cambios hemodinámicos abruptos. Los aneurismas de la arteria alimentaria se han asociado con mayor riesgo de hemorragia, es por esto, que las decisiones sobre cuándo y cómo tratar los aneurismas intracraneales de estas características siempre ha significado un reto terapéutico tanto para neurocirujanos vasculares y endovasculares. En el presente manuscrito reportamos el caso de una paciente de 51 años con aneurismas múltiples asociados a malformación arteriovenosa, así como su manejo neuroquirúrgico, con un análisis comparativo con lo publicado en la literatura médica y científica en los últimos 20 años, para esto se realizó una revisión sistemática en diversas plataformas y bases de datos tales como PUBMED, NCBI, Medline y Ovid.
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