Recebido em 19/5/08; aceito em 6/10/08; publicado na web em 2/2/09 PHENYLPROPANOIDS AND OTHER BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM NECTANDRA MEGAPOTAMICA. From the trunk bark of Nectandra megapotamica (Lauraceae) four phenylpropanoids, elemicin, isoelemicin, (±)-erythro-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol and (±)-threo-1-(3,4,5-trimetoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol have been isolated, in addition to 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, (-)-epicatechin and trans-1(10)-epoxy-4(15)-caryophyllene. The diastereoisomeric erythro-and threo-phenylpropanoids are being reported for the first time in a plant taxon as well as the occurrence of the other compounds in Nectandra. The structures of the isolated compounds have been established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Their in vitro antifungal activities against standard strains of Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans and antioxidant properties were also evaluated in this work.Keywords: Nectandra megapotamica; Lauraceae; phenylpropanoids. introduÇÃoA família Lauraceae engloba cerca de 52 gêneros e 3 mil espécies dispersos predominantemente nas regiões tropical e subtropical do planeta, especialmente nas matas centro-e sul-americanas, sendo excepcionalmente encontradas em zonas temperadas. No Brasil, é representada por 22 gêneros, compreendendo espécies em geral arbóreas. 1 Nectandra é um dos principais gêneros de Lauraceae no Novo Mundo, com 114 espécies distribuídas em todos os biomas da América tropical e subtropical, sendo encontrados no Brasil 43 representantes. 2 Em Mato Grosso do Sul foram relatadas 8 espécies de Nectandra (N. amazonum, N. cissiflora, N. cuspidata, N. falcifolia, N. gardneri, N. hihua, N. megapotamica e N. psammophila). 3 Nectandra megapotamica, conhecida popularmente por "canelapreta", ocorre desde o sul de Minas Gerais até o Rio Grande do Sul e também na região Centro-Oeste, sendo que em Mato Grosso do Sul é encontrada nas regiões central e sul do estado. 3,4 A literatura relata 5 trabalhos realizados com espécimes desta planta coletados no estado de São Paulo, 3 dos quais relacionados a atividades biológicas de alguns de seus constituintes químicos. Das cascas do caule foram obtidos dois alcalóides (N-metiltriptamina e 6-metóxi-N-metil-1,2,4-tetraidro-β-carbolina) inibidores do crescimento in vitro de Crithidia fasciculata e Trypanosoma cruzi. 5 Outro estudo realizado com as cascas do caule forneceu um fenilpropanóide (α-asarona) que apresentou atividade analgésica, além das neolignanas tetraidrofurânicas galgravina e veraguensina com atividade antiinflamatória em ratos e camundongos, enquanto que das folhas foram obtidas onze neolignanas tetraidrofurânicas, três das quais com atividade tripanocida in vitro. 6 A investigação da composição química de lauráceas que ocorrem no Cerrado e Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, incluindo as do gênero Nectandra, tem sido motivo de estudos desenvolvidos por nosso grupo de pesquisa. 7 Nas coletas de plantas realizadas, constatamos a presença de Nectandra megapotamica ...

Chemical investigation of Guarea kunthiana fruits, guided by their effect on the reproductive cycle of engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus-a major economic problem to the livestock industry worldwide-led to isolation of 3β-O-tigloylmelianol, a new protolimonoid, from the bioactive hexane phase obtained by partitioning the crude ethanol extract. An adult immersion test was performed. The compound strongly inhibited egg-laying and hatchability (99.2% effectiveness at a 0.01% concentration). Melianone, isolated from the same phase, yielded unremarkable results in the adult immersion test. From the dichloromethane phase, melianol, melianodiol, meliantriol, and a new protolimonoid, OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 112 3β-O-tigloylmeliantriol, were isolated, all of which, in the same manner as melianone, exhibited unremarkable results in the test. The structures of new and known compounds were mostly established by 1D-and 2D-NMR analyses and mass spectrometry data. This is the first report on the bioactivity of protolimonoids on the reproductive cycle of engorged females of R. (B.) microplus. 3β-O-Tigloylmelianol proved a promising candidate for the development of a biocontrol agent against the cattle tick investigated, as an alternative to environmentally hazardous synthetic acaricides.

A total of 73 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 44 plant species belonging to 24 families, native to the Mid-Western region of Brazil, were assessed in vitro for their effect on the reproductive cycle of engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, using the adult immersion test. All extracts were evaluated at the concentration of 0.2 % and, among the extracts tested, the one obtained from the fruits of Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) proved to be highly efficacious, showing 99.1 % of product effectiveness. Extracts from other three species were shown to be moderately active, namely Nymphaea amazonum trunk (Nymphaeaceae) [51.7 %], Strychnos pseudoquina trunk (Loganiaceae) [48 %] [corrected] and Ocotea lancifolia leaves (Lauraceae) [34.5 %], while the remaining extracts were shown to be weakly active or inactive. This is the first report on the bioactivity of these species on egg production by engorged females of R. microplus.

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A total of 36 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 27 plant species (18 families), native to the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes in Midwest Brazil, was assessed for their effect against Aedes aegypti larvae, the vector of dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, Zika and chikungunya fevers. Only the extract obtained from seeds of Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) proved active (LC50 = 169.93 μg/mL). A bioassay-guided investigation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of melianodiol, a protolimonoid, as the active constituent (LC50 = 14.44 mg/mL). Meliantriol, which was also obtained from the bioactive fraction, was nevertheless devoid of any larval toxicity, even at the highest concentration tested (LC50 > 100.0 mg/mL). These results indicate that the larvicidal activity of melianodiol stems from the presence of the carbonyl moiety at C-3 in the 21,23-epoxy-21,24,25-trihydroxy-tirucall-7-ene-type skeleton. The structures of both protolimonoids were established on the basis of spectral methods (1H and 13C NMR and MS). This is the first report on the toxicity of melianodiol against Ae. aegypti larvae. Based on the results, melianodiol can be regarded as a potential candidate for use as an ecologically sound biocontrol agent for reducing the larval population of this vector.