Introduction In October 2015, an epidemic of Zika began in Colombia’s geographic areas with a high population of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. We aimed to describe the fetal brain ultrasound findings in pregnant women with active symptoms or a history of symptoms suggestive of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Material and methods Eligible pregnant women were tested with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for ZIKV and followed prospectively using detailed anatomic ultrasound and transvaginal neurosonography to detect structural anomalies of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). Results A total of 115 symptomatic women with a positive ZIKV RT‐PCR and 55 with a negative ZIKV RT‐PCR were enrolled in the study; CNS compromise of the fetus occurred in 22% and 17%, respectively (p = 0.255). Callosal dysgenesis (14.5%) was the most frequent anomaly of the CNS, followed by microcephaly (13.6%) and neuronal migration disorders (8.3%). When symptomatic ZIKV RT‐PCR‐positive women were categorized by trimester of infection, CNS anomalies were present in 40% of first‐trimester infections, compared with 21% and 7% in second‐ and third‐trimester infections (p = 0.002). CNS anomalies were also more severe in first–trimester‐infected fetuses than in second– and third–trimester‐infected fetuses. The high prevalence of CNS anomalies in fetuses of symptomatic ZIKV RT‐PCR negative women suggests a high rate of false‐negative cases and an even higher prevalence of CNS anomalies than observed in this study. Conclusions The prevalence of fetal CNS anomalies was higher than previously reported in the literature for both symptomatic RT‐PCR‐positive and ‐negative pregnant women. Corpus callosum anomalies, microcephaly, neuronal migration disorders, and brain parenchymal hyperechogenicities were the most frequent CNS anomalies detected. In addition, CNS anomalies were more frequent and severe in infected fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy than during the second or third trimester.
<strong>Objetivo:</strong> los embarazos gemelares implican mayor riesgo de complicaciones materno-fetales que los embarazos únicos, particularmente en los monocoriales. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las características clínicas y los desenlaces materno-fetales, por tipo de placenta (monocorial o bicorial), de los embarazos gemelares atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS), institución de tercer nivel de complejidad localizada en Bucaramanga (Colombia).<br /><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio descriptivo de cohorte, se incluyeron las pacientes que terminaron un embarazo gemelar entre 2007 y 2011 en el HUS, hospital general de referencia de la región centro-oriental del país. Muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluó la edad gestacional en la primera consulta al hospital, los hallazgos clínicos en la evaluación inicial, la terminación del parto y los resultados perinatales. Se hace análisis descriptivo por tipo de corionicidad.<br /><strong>Resultados:</strong> se incluyeron un total de 248 gestantes con embarazo gemelar en el periodo de estudio. La mediana de la edad gestacional en la primera atención en el hospital en fue de 34 semanas. Al ingreso, 127 (51,2 %) pacientes se diagnosticaron con embarazo monocorial, pero solo en dos terceras partes coincidió el diagnóstico prenatal de corionicidad con el del posparto. Se diagnosticó RCIU con más frecuencia en embarazos monocoriales que en bicoriales (22,3 vs. 7,5 %), y el doppler se encontró alterado con mayor frecuencia en fetos de embarazo monocorial (7,8 vs. 1,1 %). Los neonatos > 24 semanas de edad gestacional de embarazo monocorial pesaron, en promedio, 109 g (IC 95 %: 34-184) menos que los bicoriales.<br /><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> los resultados de este estudio sugieren un problema de salud pública en este grupo de pacientes, con inicio tardío de control prenatal, de remisión tardía a centros especializados y capacidad insuficiente para definir corionicidad. Se requiere plantear estrategias de atención que incluyan considerar los embarazos gemelares como alto riesgo y garantizar la atención oportuna y adecuada, orientada por una guía de cuidado diferencial para este grupo de gestantes.</p>
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