One of the most relevant topics in the biology of invasion concerns the genetic changes that occur subsequent to a species invasion, an issue of particular focus among conservation biologists. Colonizing a novel environment presents a genetic challenge to invading species because such species surely have not experienced the selective pressures presented by the environment. Here we ask, by what mechanisms and processes do alien species genetically naı¨ve to their new environment, become successful invaders? We attempt to resolve this paradox by considering the interplay between an invader's ability to modify its new environment, and genetic modifications imposed by the new environment. We postulate that epigenetic adaptations, and adaptive mutations are likely play a role in enhancing invasion success.
Abstract.-This paper describes the karyotype ofOdontesthes regia by means of Giemsa staining, C-banding, to reveal the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin, and by Ag-staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), to locate ribosomal genes (rDNA). The chromosome diploid modal count in the species was 2n = 48. The karyotype is composed of one submetacentric pair (pair 1), 16 subtelocentric pairs (pairs 2 to 17), and 7 acrocentric pairs (pairs 18 to 24). With the exception of pair 1 it was not possible to classify the homologous chromosomes accurately because differences in chromosome size were too slight between adjacent pairs. The distribution of C-banded heterochromatin allowed for a more accurate matching of the majority of chromosomes of the subtelocentric series. Silver staining of metaphase spreads allowed for the identification of Nucleolus Organizer Regions (Ag-NOR) on pair 1. FISH experiments showed that 18S rDNA sequences were located, as expected, in the same chromosome pair identified as the Ag-NOR-bearing one.Key words: Karyotype, NOR, C-bands, FISH
Resumen.-Este trabajo describe el cariotipo deOdonthestes regia, por medio de tinción Giemsa, bandeo C, para revelar la distribución de la heterocromatina constitutiva, y por medio de tinción con nitrato de plata e hibridación fluorescente in situ (FISH), para localizar genes ribosomales (rADN). El recuento modal cromosómico diploide en la especie fue de 2n = 48. El cariotipo está compuesto por un par submetacéntrico (par 1), 16 pares subtelocéntricos (pares 2 al 17) y 7 pares acrocéntricos (pares 18 al 24). Con excepción del par 1, no fue posible clasificar con exactitud a los cromosomas homólogos, ya que las diferencias en el tamaño fueron muy pequeñas entre pares adyacentes. La distribución de la heterocromatina por bandeo C permitió aparear a la mayoría de los cromosomas de la serie subtelocéntrica. La tinción con plata de preparaciones metafásicas permitió la identificación de las regiones organizadoras del nucléolo (Ag-RON) en el par 1. Los experimentos FISH mostraron que las secuencias ADNr 18S estaban localizadas, como era de esperar, en el mismo par cromosómico identificado como los portadores de Ag-RON.
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