Gestational gigantomastia is a psychologically and physically debilitating disease of unknown aetiology. Underlying diseases that present as gigantomastia should be excluded by a thorough workup. Most cases respond to the preferred approach: conservative management, as foetal viability and well-being is of significant importance. However, in those cases where the maternal mortality is at risk, the surgical approach is preferred. Life-threatening haemorrhage may occur and early recognition and treatment is paramount to outcome. A case of gestational gigantomastia complicated by life-threatening haemorrhage is presented and discussed.

How to use patient-reported outcome measures with other clinical measurements in clinical reports Clinical outcomes in hand surgery can be measured and reported in many ways, including those performed under controlled conditions by clinicians, such as grip strength or finger joint angles, and assessments of function that involve completing specific simulated daily tasks. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are another group of outcome measures that are defined as reports obtained directly from the patient and typically involve questionnaires. PROMs can assess hand function, health status, and patient satisfaction. The use of PROMs is rising in scientific articles in hand surgery. However, PROMs are not necessarily a panacea. Here, we will aim to rationalize the choice of outcome measures using our current understanding of PROMs in hand surgery.

No abstract

Kimura disease (KD) is a chronic, inflammatory, benign disorder endemic to Asia that typically manifests as a triad of painless masses in the head and neck region, elevated eosinophils and serum immunoglobulin. It usually affects young men in their second and third decades of life and is rarely seen outside of the orient. This is a report of a case of KD in a young man of African descent who presented with a cheek mass. KD was not included in our differential diagnosis, and this report highlights the need to consider this entity, which can be easily missed due to its rarity in the Western world. There is no cure for the disease, and management includes medical and surgical modalities, but local recurrence or relapse is not uncommon.

Granular cell tumours of the scalp are rare. Malignant transformation of these tumours is even more uncommon, making the diagnosis exceedingly difficult. The recommended treatment of surgical excision with negative margins is not easily achieved in this location, given the anatomy of the scalp.