The Elastic Finite Element Method based on the inherent strain theory is used to predict the welding distortion of ship structures. In addition, a method to predict welding distortion of complex structures by using elastic FEM is presented. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a typical case of a ship's structure is examined and the resulting welding distortion is compared to that obtained by using thermal elastic-plastic finite element method.Un análisis elástico de elementos finitos basado en la teoría de la deformación unitaria inherente es utilizado para predecir la distorsión causada por la soldadura en estructuras de barcos. Adicionalmente, se propone un nuevo método para predecir la distorsión de estructuras complejas. Los resultados obtenidos son luego comparados con aquellos obtenidos por medio de análisis termo-plástico de elementos finitos.

This work is related to the hyperelastic models most used in soft tissue. The importance of obtaining accurate mechanical properties of tissues are of great interest for various medical applications, for example: in treatment of diseases and surgical simulations in real time. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the models used for proposing a mathematical formulation and modelling the mechanical behaviour of a sequence of layers of soft tissues and your reply to undergo external actions of mechanical nature, in order to improve the techniques of characterization of soft tissues.Keywords: Biomechanical, Hyperelasticit;y, Mechanical Properties, Nonlinear elasticity, Soft Tissues. ResumenEl presente trabajo está relacionado con los modelos hiperelásticos utilizados para describir el comportamiento mecánico de los tejidos. La importancia de obtener las propiedades mecánicas precisas de los tejidos son de gran interés para diferentes aplicaciones médicas, por ejemplo: el tratamiento de enfermedades y simulaciones quirúrgicas en tiempo real. El objetivo de esta revisión literaria es evaluar los modelos utilizados para proponer una formulación matemática y poder modelar el comportamiento mecánico del material (secuencia de capas de tejidos) y su respuesta al someterse a acciones externas de naturaleza mecánica, con el fin de mejorar las técnicas de caracterización de los tejidos vivos.

In order to achieve automation of the plate forming process by line heating, it is necessary to know in advance the deformation to be obtained under specific heating conditions. Currently, different methods exist to predict deformation, but these are limited to specific applications and most of them depend on the computational capacity so that only simple structures can be analyzed. In this paper, a neural network model that can accurately predict distortions produced during the plate forming process by line heating, for a wide range of initial conditions including large structures, is presented. Results were compared with data existing in the literature showing excellent performance. Excellent results were obtained for those cases out of the range of the training data.

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