Inglehart, Dr. phil. habil.Abstract: The U.S. surgeon general's report on oral health stressed the importance of providing dental care to underserved patients. The objectives of this study were to explore a) dental students' intentions and dentists' behavior concerning treating underserved patients, b) their perceptions of their education concerning these patients, and c) the relationship between dental education and their attitudes and behavior. Data were collected from 328 dental students (response rate: 77.5 percent) and 234 alumni (response rate: 43.7 percent). Only 67.4 percent of the students and 38 percent of the alumni indicated that their education had prepared them well to treat patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds; 71.3 percent of students and 55.2 percent of alumni responded that they had been well educated to treat patients from different ethnic/racial groups. The findings showed a positive relationship between the degree of curriculum focus on the importance of treating patients from all aspects of society and students' and alumni intentions to provide inclusive patient care to patients from diverse backgrounds. The more students agreed that their dental education had prepared them well to treat patients from different ethnic backgrounds, the more likely they were to report that they intended to treat these patients (r=.12; p=.033). In a similar manner, the more the alumni agreed that their dental education had prepared them well to treat patients in different communities, the more likely they were to treat patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds (r=.18; p=.009). In conclusion, these findings showed that access to oral health care for underserved patients could potentially be increased if dental students were more overtly educated about the importance of treating patients from all segments of society.Mr.

Background The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has impacted dental students training across the U.S. academic dental institutions by moving classroom instruction to an online modality, limiting patient care, canceling external rotations, and rescheduling of licensure examinations. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on students’ readiness to enter clinical practice or residency and its association with well‐being (anxiety, perceived stress, coping and social support, and resilience). Methods An online REDCap survey was distributed to 407 D1–D4 year dental students and 29 DH3–DH4 year dental hygiene students enrolled at a U.S. dental school. The survey consisted of readiness and wellness measures as well as socio‐demographic variables. Results Overall response rate was 58% (N = 252) ranging from 40% among D4 students to 72% among D1 students. About half (55%) of the respondents were White, a third (34%) Asians and 5% were African Americans. Ninety‐two percent were non‐Hispanics while 62% were female. Overall mean (SD) anxiety score was 6.5 (5.3) and 26% of respondents reported moderate or severe levels of anxiety. Anxiety score differed significantly by gender with females reporting higher anxiety levels, mean (SD) = 7.3 (5.5) versus 5.2 (4.7) for males; P = 0.002). Furthermore, mean anxiety score differed significantly among the dental school classes, ranging from 5.5 (5.3) among D2 students to 11.8 (6.2) in DH4 students (P = 0.02). Conclusion Academic dental institutions need to be responsive to the heightened anxiety and uncertainly levels of students and provide responsive training and support to mitigate its effects.

We report redshifts, magnitudes and morphological classifications for 5369 galaxies with $m_B \leq 15.5$ and 57 galaxies fainter than this limit, in two regions covering a total of 1.70 steradians in the southern celestial hemisphere. The galaxy catalog is drawn primarily from the list of non-stellar objects identified in the Guide Star Catalog (Lasker et al. 1990, AJ 99, 2019; hereafter GSC). The galaxies have positions accurate to about 1 arc sec and magnitudes with an rms scatter of about 0.3 mag. We compute magnitudes ($m_{SSRS2}$) from the relation between instrumental GSC magnitudes and the photometry by Lauberts & Valentijn (1989). From a comparison with CCD photometry, we find that our system is homogeneous across the sky and corresponds to magnitudes measured at the isophotal level $\sim$ 26 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. The precision of the radial velocities is of \sim 40 km/s and the redshift survey is more than 99% complete to the $m_{SSRS2}$ = 15.5 magnitude limit. This sample is in the direction opposite to the CfA2; in combination the two surveys provide an important database for studies of the properties of galaxies and their large-scale distribution in the nearby Universe.Comment: 20 pages, uses AASTeX 4.0 macros. Includes 3 tables and 4 Postscripts figures. Scheduled for publication in the AJ 1998 July issu

We analyze an extended redshift sample of Abell/ACO clusters and compare the results with those coming from numerical simulations of the cluster distribution, based on the truncated Zel'dovich approximation (TZA), for a list of eleven dark matter (DM) models. For each model we run several realizations, so that we generate a set of 48 independent mock Abell/ACO cluster samples per model, on which we estimate cosmic variance effects. Other than the standard CDM model, we consider (a) Ω 0 = 1 CDM models based on lowering the Hubble parameter and/or on tilting the primordial spectrum; (b) Ω 0 = 1 Cold+Hot DM models with 0.1 ≤ Ω ν ≤ 0.5; (c) low-density flat ΛCDM models with 0.3 ≤ Ω 0 ≤ 0.5. We compare real and simulated cluster distributions by analysing correlation statistics, the probability density function, and supercluster properties from percolation analysis. We introduce a generalized definition of the spectrum shape parameter Γ in terms of σ 25 /σ 8 , where σ r is the rms fluctuation amplitude within a sphere of radius r. As a general result, we find that the distribution of galaxy clusters provides a constraint only on the shape of the power spectrum, but not on its amplitude: a shape parameter 0.18 ∼ < Γ ∼ < 0.25 and an effective spectral index at the 20 h −1 Mpc scale −1.1 ∼ < n eff ∼ < − 0.9 are required by the Abell/ACO data. In order to obtain complementary constraints on the spectrum amplitude, we consider the cluster abundance as estimated using the Press-Schechter approach, whose reliability is explicitly tested against N-body simulations. By combining results from the analysis of the distribution and the abundance of clusters we conclude that, of the cosmological models considered here, the only viable models are either Cold+Hot DM ones with 0.2 ∼ < Ω ν ∼ < 0.3, better if shared between two massive ν species, and ΛCDM ones with 0.3 ∼ < Ω 0∼ < 0.5.