3-Methylindole, a ruminal fermentation product of tryptophan, induces acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in cattle, and 3-methylindole is present in the ruminal fluid and blood of cows with a natually occurring form of this disease. Monensin, a polyether antibiotic and widely used feed additive for beef cattle, prevented tryptophan-induced acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema. Monensin acted by reducing the ruminal conversion of L-tryptophan to 3-methylindole both in vitro and in vivo. Lasalocid, also a polyether antibiotic, showed similar effects in vitro. These results provide a promising approach to prevention of this major respiratory disease of cattle.

Abstract. Sterner G, Carlson J, Ekberg G (Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Raised platelet levels in diabetes mellitus complicated with nephropathy. J Intern Med 1998; 244: 437-41.Objectives. To study if elevated platelet levels are found in early and late diabetic nephropathy. Design. A retrospective study was performed of platelet count in different subgroups of patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus, including patients with long and short duration of diabetes and with early signs of nephropathy. Patients with severe renal failure subjected to renal transplantation were also included. Results.The results suggest that raised platelet levels were associated with early signs of diabetic nephropathy and with female gender. Amongst diabetics progressing to uraemia leading to renal transplant, the platelet level was 50% higher than in non-diabetic uraemic patients. Conclusion. It is concluded that raised platelet levels are a common finding in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy.

Employing Nyquist-pulse-shaped PDM-32QAM modulation and both pre-and post-transmission digital equalization, we demonstrate 50GHz-spaced, 8×450Gbits/s DWDM transmission over 4×100km of ultra-large-area fiber and one 50GHz-grid WSS-based ROADM at 8.37b/s/Hz spectral efficiency.

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