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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The purpose of this study was to establish reading fluency norms for first grade students at the end of the school year in Romanian language using PEAFC (Proba de evaluare şi antrenare a fluenţei în citire/ The Assessment and Training of Reading Fluency Instrument, Bodea Haţegan &amp; Talaş, 2014). A representative sample of 1977 first grade students (with ages between 7 and 8 years old) was assessed, girls (N_g=954) and boys (N_b=1023), from different counties from Romania (N_c=11), attending rural (N_r= 385) and urban (N<em>u</em>=1592) elementary schools. Oral reading fluency norms were established on the linguistic structure of the words (monosyllabic, disyllabic, three syllable words and text words). The results of this study offer a new perspective on the reading fluency levels at the end of the first grade</p><p>and will help the teachers and the specialists to identify students at risk for dyslexia and to start effective early intervention programs to improve reading fluency.</p><p> </p>

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Keywords:sexual education, intellectual disability, attitudes towards sexual education, teachers' attitudes, level of religiosity.Sexual Education (SexEd) in general is a controversial topic throughout the world. When it comes to sexual education of people with disabilities, the subject becomes even more difficult and sensitive for both caregivers and specialists. In order to implement a SexEd program for persons with intellectual disabilities, different individual and social factors should be considered. Among these factors, attitudes towards the sexuality and sexual education of those who provide it was identified as priority. In this respect, the aim of this study was to identify special educational teachers' attitudes towards teaching sex education in classroom, as well as to establish possible correlations between the attitudes towards teaching, teachers' knowledge and the way they communicate with their students about sexuality. The correlations between the general attitudes of the teachers, the attitudes towards teaching SexEd and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, parental status, professional experience, the self-declared degree of religiosity) were discussed. Interaction effects were identified and analyzed.

Keywords:prosocial behaviours, gratitude, well-being, adolescents, emotional problems, behaviour problems, problems with others.Die aktuelle Forschung zielt auf die Untersuchung der Assoziation zwischen prosozialem Verhalten, psychologischem Wohlbefinden und Dankbarkeit in einer Stichprobe von Jugendlichen mit problematischem, herausforderndem Verhalten und leichter geistigen Behinderung. Verschiedene Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl Dankbarkeit als auch prosoziales Verhalten eine bedeutende Rolle in der positiven Entwicklung von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen haben können. Anhand von Messungen, die der rumänischen Bevölkerung und der aktuellen Forschung angepasst wurden, haben wir Daten aus einer Stichprobe von 30 anfälligen, klinisch gesunden Jugendlichen erhoben, die eine besondere Berufsschule besuchten. Wir haben niedrige Niveaus von Dankbarkeit und psychologischem Wohlbefinden in der Stichprobe gefunden, aber auch höhere Niveaus von emotionalen Problemen unter Mädchen im Vergleich zu Jungen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass prosoziales Verhalten erheblich mit weniger Peer-Problemen assoziiert ist, während prosoziales Verhalten und Dankbarkeit einen nahezu signifikanten Interaktionseffekt auf das Wohlbefinden der Jugendlichen haben. Einige mögliche Implikationen sowohl für die Forschung als auch für klinische und erzieherische Vorgehensweisen zu Gunsten der anfälligen Jugendlichen werden diskutiert.