We reviewed the medical history of 26 women with differentiated thyroid cancer who became pregnant after receiving therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine (131I) in order to document the possibility of a greater risk for disorders in these pregnancies. There were a total of 39 pregnancies, 6 of which occurred during the first year after therapy. In 3 cases the following anomalies were encountered: a male suffering Trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome), a female with constitutional aplastic anemia, and a male with a congenital hip dysplasia. Of the 33 pregnancies that occurred after the first year post-therapy, there were 2 spontaneous abortions and a male effected by ureteral stenosis. Based on these data, although it cannot be confirmed that these congenital disorders are due to the 131I therapy, we recommend that pregnancy be avoided for the first year after therapy.

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease and the most common cyanotic heart defect in children. It is clinically characterized by a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta over ventricular septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy. There is little or no information about the oral manifestations in patients with this pathology. A report and discussion of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot, its clinical manifestations, oral findings and dental management are presented. Case Report: A four-year-old male patient diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and epileptic attacks. The patient has deciduous teeth with many severe early childhood caries, stomatitis and cyanotic mucous membranes, root fragments, periapical abscess and noticeable enamel hypoplasia. Conclusions: In agreement with other authors, children with systemic diseases such as Tetralogy of Fallot have a higher rate of caries, poor oral hygiene, high susceptibility to other infections and bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic mucous membranes and enamel hypoplasia. Primary prevention is critical, proper dental hygiene, regular dental check-ups and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis are particularly important, especially in high-risk patients.

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder. It may be congenital if the thyroid gland does not develop properly. A female predominance is characteristic. Hypothyroidism is the most common congenital pediatric disease and its first signs and early symptoms can be detected with neonatal screening. Some of the oral manifestations of hypothyroidism are known to be: glossitis, micrognathia, macroglossia, macroquelia, anterior open bite, enamel hypoplasia, delayed tooth eruption, and crowding. This paper briefly describes the systemic and oral characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in a patient being treated at a dental practice. The patient had early childhood caries and delayed tooth eruption. There are no cases of craniosynostosis related to the primary pathology, which if left untreated, increases the cranial defect. Early diagnosis reduces the clinical manifestations of the disease. Delayed tooth eruption will become a growing problem if the patient does not receive timely treatment and monitoring.

For dentists, there is little information on malignant tumors and complications both because their natural evolution is secondary to treatment, despite cancer in children represents 3% of all cancer cases. The goal is to make a brief review of the most common neoplasm in children, to identify them and find out the oral alterations with highest incidence both as secondary to the pathology and as a side effect of treatment. This review analyses various types of malignant neoplasms which may occur in this stage of life. They are divided into haematological: leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. The most common leukemia is acute lymphoblastic (ALL) followed by acute myeloid and granulocytic. Lymphomas develop from the lymphatic system and are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's. Cancer has become a chronic disease favoring a new group of patients who achieve survival but suffer side effects due to therapies, drugs, doses and the child's characteristics. Oral complications appear in 40% of cases and the most frequent are mucositis, opportunistic infection, xerostomia, bleeding, periodontal disease and disorders in the development of teeth and jaw. Although cancer is located outside of the maxillofacial area, chemotherapy is aggressive for a developing organism. The side effects of radiation therapy affect the general and specific area to radiate as well as the surrounding organs and tissues. Recently, advances in diagnosis and treatment have increased survival from 20% to 80%, with long-term treatment.

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