The superior vena cava (SVC) located in anterior mediastinum, Carries blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and upper chest. Rodeada by rigid structures and compress the upper originate vena cava syndrome (SVCS). The may be due to obstruction external compression (benign or malignant), Fibrosis or thrombosis. Venous hypertension produces head, neck and upper extremities azygos and deriving flow systems. Symptoms depend on the speed of obstruction and location is quick .If symptoms are intense. More often slow installation. Initial symptoms, Drowsiness, tinnitus, dizziness, cervical increased diameter. If Endures, cyanosis of the face, neck, upper limbs, altered state of consciousness. Examination: Plethora jugular, thoracic collateral circulation. The diagnosis clinical, in tele-ray, mediastinal masses, pleural effusion, lobar collapse, or cardiomegaly. The TAC defines the anatomy of mediastinal nodes and VCS, the site of obstruction and Provides guidance for needle biopsy, bronchoscopy or mediastinoscopy. Contrast venography, ultrasound and MRI are used to determine the site and nature of the obstruction. The treatment of malignant obstruction histological diagnosis by sputum requires cytology, biopsy or lymph. Treatment: General Measures and the underlying cause, if chemotherapy or radiotherapy neoplastic in thrombosis, thrombectomy plasminogen activator (TPA), streptokinase or urokinase. Aangioplastia intraluminal stent, bypass in malignant etiology no chemotherapy and radiotherapy with improvement. Driving urgent: Patients with cerebral edema, airway obstruction due to compression of the trachea, for airway edema, or cardiac output decreased in venous return. Mortality depends on the underlying cause.

For dentists, there is little information on malignant tumors and complications both because their natural evolution is secondary to treatment, despite cancer in children represents 3% of all cancer cases. The goal is to make a brief review of the most common neoplasm in children, to identify them and find out the oral alterations with highest incidence both as secondary to the pathology and as a side effect of treatment. This review analyses various types of malignant neoplasms which may occur in this stage of life. They are divided into haematological: leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. The most common leukemia is acute lymphoblastic (ALL) followed by acute myeloid and granulocytic. Lymphomas develop from the lymphatic system and are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's. Cancer has become a chronic disease favoring a new group of patients who achieve survival but suffer side effects due to therapies, drugs, doses and the child's characteristics. Oral complications appear in 40% of cases and the most frequent are mucositis, opportunistic infection, xerostomia, bleeding, periodontal disease and disorders in the development of teeth and jaw. Although cancer is located outside of the maxillofacial area, chemotherapy is aggressive for a developing organism. The side effects of radiation therapy affect the general and specific area to radiate as well as the surrounding organs and tissues. Recently, advances in diagnosis and treatment have increased survival from 20% to 80%, with long-term treatment.

Humans Have 46chromosomes. Two of them sex: the X and Y. X the two women (one from the father and one from the mother). Males have one X (the mother) and one Y (his father). In the early stages of cell division, division Makes a wrong part or all of the X chromosome Circumstances That influence, Most Often lost is unknown chromosome is lost to the father. The diagnosis of ST requires a phenotypic Characteristic with full or partial absence of one X chromosome, as phone line or regulate as to mosaicism. The ST 1/5 1/2 prevalence has 000 000 female births. It is characterized by gonadal dysgenesis and short stature. At birth with lymphedema, redundant skin and webbed neck. In childhood stunting and pubertal development of subsequently absence and primary infertility is detected, Accompanied by epicanto, wide neck, short with pterygium, low-set hair, broad chest, shield, breast hypertelorism, cube valgus, hands and feet lymphedema. Normal psychomotor development and IQ. Structural abnormalities that May be present: Kidney. Eyepieces of middle ear disease. A craniofacial level. In skin: An orthopedic level. It is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmune thyroiditis; Basedow Graves disease, especially X. With isochromosome Obesity, Glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. Frequently cardiovascular malformations in 45, systemic arterial hypertension X. After the suspected or confirmed, apply to protocol detection, monitoring and treatment of various comorbidities, for an adequate quality of life.

Introducción. Las cardiopatías congénitas son las malformaciones más habituales en el desarrollo de los niños los cuales, además, son susceptibles a desarrollar infecciones sistémicas microbianas secundarias a infecciones locales polimicrobianas como consecuencia de procedimientos dentales invasivos o toman fármacos, por ejemplo anti-coagulantes, antiarrítmicos, u otros, que pueden interferir con el manejo odontológico. Objetivo. Proponer un protocolo de manejo odontológico que permita detectar las cardiopatías congénitas o ya identificadas tener un abordaje dental que disminuya el riesgo de sepsis o endocarditis para el paciente pediátrico. Método. Revisión de la literatura a través de artículos indexados en Cochrane, Medline, Lilacs, EMBASE, Amedeo y SciELO, enfatizando los últimos cinco años, en los idiomas: francés, italiano, portugués, inglés y español. Resultados. Se presenta un protocolo odonde abordaje odontológico que disminuya los factores de riesgo ante la presencia de cardiopatías congénitas. Conclusión. Ya que existe una au-sencia de información sobre la relación de las cardiopatías congénitas y la odontología infantil, por ello la importancia de contar con un protocolo para el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos mejorando su atención, pronóstico, calidad de vida y disminuyendo los factores de riesgo ante procedimientos dentales invasivos.