Background The association between dental anomalies has been studied, giving rise to the concept of Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP). Tooth agenesis has been associated with alterations such as molar infracclusion, taurodontism and delayed dental development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental development pattern in patients with non-syndromic dental agenesis, in comparison with a control group. Methods Dental and chronological age was analysed in a sample size of 204 orthopantomographs divided into a study group (n = 104) and a control group (n = 100) with the Demirjian Method. Intra and intergroup differences in chronological and dental age, and the correlation between them were calculated by statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Results Dental age exceeded chronological age both in the control group and in the study group. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) were found when comparing the difference between chronological and dental age in the study (-0.16 ± 1.12) and control group (-0.58 ± 0.90). Regarding sex and age intergroup differences, the results were only statistically significant in the girls’ group (p = 0.017), and the age over 8 years old (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tooth development depending on the number of missing teeth or the affected tooth group, but there was a delay in the development of the homologous tooth contralateral to the absent one in 14.9% of patients. Conclusions The difference between chronological and dental age in permanent dentition is significantly lower in Spanish children with non-syndromic agenesis compared to a control group, presenting a lower dental age than chronological age than children without non-syndromic agenesis.