Resumen: Introducción: los niños nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo presentan mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades. A nivel oral observamos en estudios previos hipoplasias de esmalte, caries y alteraciones en paladar, fundamentalmente. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la patología orofacial y su relación con el bajo peso al nacimiento en una población de niños nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo de Granada. Pacientes y método: la muestra fue de 60 niños de 4-6 años nacidos en condiciones de alto riesgo y que necesitaron cuidados intensivos neonatales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para determinar la patología en estos niños y un análisis estadístico univariante para analizar las variables según el peso en el nacimiento. Resultados: observamos una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el peso al nacimiento menor de 1550 gramos y las variables perinatales. El porcentaje de anomalías estructurales dentarias, caries, hábitos orofaciales y traumatismos observado en nuestra muestra fue elevado, existiendo relación estadísticamente significativa con el peso al nacer. Los hábitos higiénicos y asistencia dental previa fueron escasos, no estando relacionados con el peso en el nacimiento. Conclusiones: es importante considerar los datos neonatales ya que aportan información sobre la presencia de secuelas en el paciente infantil nacido en condiciones de riesgo y permitirá al odontopediatra establecer protocolos preventivos y de atención al niño.

Background The association between dental anomalies has been studied, giving rise to the concept of Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP). Tooth agenesis has been associated with alterations such as molar infracclusion, taurodontism and delayed dental development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental development pattern in patients with non-syndromic dental agenesis, in comparison with a control group. Methods Dental and chronological age was analysed in a sample size of 204 orthopantomographs divided into a study group (n = 104) and a control group (n = 100) with the Demirjian Method. Intra and intergroup differences in chronological and dental age, and the correlation between them were calculated by statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Results Dental age exceeded chronological age both in the control group and in the study group. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) were found when comparing the difference between chronological and dental age in the study (-0.16 ± 1.12) and control group (-0.58 ± 0.90). Regarding sex and age intergroup differences, the results were only statistically significant in the girls’ group (p = 0.017), and the age over 8 years old (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tooth development depending on the number of missing teeth or the affected tooth group, but there was a delay in the development of the homologous tooth contralateral to the absent one in 14.9% of patients. Conclusions The difference between chronological and dental age in permanent dentition is significantly lower in Spanish children with non-syndromic agenesis compared to a control group, presenting a lower dental age than chronological age than children without non-syndromic agenesis.

BackgroundThe apical area is the space in the maxillary bones that contains teeth during formation and is subsequently occupied by the apices of the permanent teeth. Its dimensions are easy to perceive and determine by observing a panoramic X-ray. Our objective was to analyze the influence of crossbite on the size of the anterior and mesial apical area in Caucasian children.Material and MethodsBased on the ortopantomograph of 353 patients in mixed dentition and crossbite, the sizes of the apical areas of the four hemiarches were studied using the Tps Dig Version 2® computer program. These data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 22.0 for Windows program and applying the methods of descriptive statistics of quantitative variables, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and the paired Student t-test.ResultsIn the group of boys, average values in the superior-mesial, superior-anterior, inferior-mesial and inferior-anterior apical areas of the crossbite were 173.43, 99.85, 180.32 and 87.56 respectively, with the lower values being in the hemiarch without malocclusion. In the group of girls, for the same apical areas, average values were 165.64, 94.24, 168.62 and 83.34 respectively, with all the highest values being in the hemiarch with crossbite, except for the inferior-mesial apical area. Statistically significant differences were found in the hemiarch with crossbite between both genders in the superior-anterior, inferior-anterior and inferior-mesial apical areas, with the significance being 0.001, 0.029 and 0.001 respectively, while in the hemiarch without malocclusion significance was observed in the superior-mesial, superior-anterior and inferior-mesial apical areas, with values of 0.004, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively.ConclusionsCrossbite affects the size of the anterior apical area in both arches and in both genders. The mesial apical area is influenced by this malocclusion in the jaw in boys and in the maxilla girls. Key words:Apical area, ortopantomography, crossbite.