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Este estudio explora las opiniones de hombres españoles sobre la prostitución, especialmente de aquellos que han pagado por servicios sexuales. Se ha partido de una muestra aleatoria de 1.048 hombres de 18 a 70 años residentes en España, mediante encuesta telefónica, a través de un cuestionario con 37 preguntas. El 20,3% ha pagado servicios sexuales alguna vez en su vida y el 15% en el último año. Entre los resultados se destaca una tipología de clientes de prostitución en función de sus motivos para comprar servicios sexuales: los Funners (24,1%), que buscarían ocio y diversión; los Thingers, (21,7%) que desean sexo sin implicación ni compromiso; otro 21,7% los Couple Seekers, que buscan pareja; los Riskers, (19,8%) que además de sexo le atrae los comportamientos de riesgo asociados; y los Personalizers (12,6%) serían aquellos que desean sexo con intimidad y compañía. Estos grupos difieren en su satisfacción sexual y en sus creencias u opiniones sobre los motivos que las mujeres tienen para ejercer la prostitución. En función de estos grupos se realizan recomendaciones para la sensibilización y concienciación de los clientes de prostitución en la lucha contra la trata.

The commitment by over 100 governments covering over 90% of the world’s forests at the COP26 in Glasgow to end deforestation by 2030 requires more effective forest monitoring systems. The near real-time (NRT) change detection of forest cover loss enables forest landowners, government agencies and local communities to monitor natural and anthropogenic disturbances in a much timelier fashion than the thematic maps that are released every year. NRT deforestation alerts enable the establishment of more up-to-date forest inventories and rapid responses to unlicensed logging. The Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellites provide operational Earth observation (EO) data from multi-spectral optical/near-infrared wavelengths every five days at a global scale and at 10 m resolution. The amount of acquired data requires cloud computing or high-performance computing for ongoing monitoring systems and an automated system for processing, analyzing and delivering the information promptly. Here, we present a Sentinel-2-based NRT change detection system, assess its performance over two study sites, Manantlán in Mexico and Cartagena del Chairá in Colombia, and evaluate the forest changes that occurred in 2018. An independent validation with very high-resolution PlanetScope (~3 m) and RapidEye (~5 m) data suggests that the proposed NRT change detection system can accurately detect forest cover loss (> 87%), other vegetation loss (> 76%) and other vegetation gain (> 71%). Furthermore, the proposed NRT change detection system is designed to be attuned using in situ data. Therefore, it is scalable to larger regions, entire countries and even continents.

Summary Anger, hostility and mistrust towards refugees, asylum-seekers and immigrants (hereafter migrants) are increasing across most Western societies. Media discourse, tough migration laws, and the escalation of right-wing views across Europe, all manifest a desire to exclude those who are seen as a threat to national interests and identities. The literature repeatedly confirms that discrimination has a harmful impact on the general well-being of migrants, while often weakening their trust on helping professionals. Social workers are among the professionals most often in contact with migrants, making them important actors in the field of migration. Findings This qualitative study was conducted in Madrid (Spain) and follows the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Findings revealed that Muslims and Blacks are the groups facing the most intense racial hostility. Emotions like fear, sadness, learned helplessness, frustration, rejection, anger, and general mistrust were underlined by participants. Some migrants highlighted negative coping mechanisms like isolation, aggressive impulses, approaching mafias, and risk behaviours, leading to further rejection from host societies, and thus initiating a vicious circle of hostility. Application These findings constitute a modest contribution to the literature, as they result from an integration of migrants’ and helping professionals’ perspectives. Several suggestions are put forward for social workers and other professionals. The two most significant suggestions are that professionals (a) use their field experience to raise awareness about racial hostility towards this population, and (b) help identify migrants who may rely on negative coping strategies and so prevent adverse consequences for both migrants and host societies.