IntroductionThe incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide and with it the prevalence of malnutrition, which is responsible for the death of almost 20 % of cancer patients. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 277 hospitalized patients in the Institute of Integrative Medicine Prof. Fernando Figueira from March to November 2013. The nutritional status was classified as well-nourished and moderate/severe malnutrition, according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. The association between moderate/severe malnutrition and demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical, therapeutic and nutritional variables was investigated through univariate regression and hierarchical Poisson models, with a 5 % significance level.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition was 71.1 %, being classified as moderate in 35.4 % and severe in 35.7 %. After multivariate analysis, smokers/ex-smokers low socioeconomic status, performance status ≥2 and age ≥60 years were associated with increased risk of malnutrition.ConclusionThere was observed a high prevalence of moderate/severe malnutrition in cancer patients, with the increased risk of malnutrition associated with the presence of factors that can be assessed during hospital admission suggesting a higher alert of the medical and health care staff about the need for nutritional assessment and intervention.
OBJETIVOS: identificar os lactentes de cinco a oito meses alimentados segundo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, atendidos no Serviço de Puericultura do Instituto Materno Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira - IMIP; detectar os principais problemas enfrentados pelas mães no processo de introdução alimentar; identificar o tipo de orientação recebida pelas mães para iniciar a dieta de transição. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, descritivo, formado por 101 mães de crianças entre cinco e oito meses que haviam iniciado transição alimentar no período de abril a agosto de 2003, as quais foram solicitadas a participar do estudo antes da consulta, mediante os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As crianças foram classificadas quanto à adequação às normas do Ministério da Saúde para transição alimentar. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que 79,2% dessas crianças não se adequavam às normas do Ministério da Saúde quanto à transição alimentar. Para o não seguimento a essas normas as mães apontaram, como principais motivos: recusa da criança (23,5%); interferência da avó (19%); praticidade do preparo/oferecimento do mingau em relação à alimentação salgada (17,7%). Quanto ao tipo de orientação, 97,4% afirmaram receber as orientações verbais e escritas no serviço. Na amostra estudada o enfermeiro e a avó foram os principais orientadores da transição alimentar, com 77% e 16%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: apenas 20,8% das crianças apresentaram um padrão alimentar adequado, segundo as orientações do Ministério da Saúde. A mãe, principal responsável pelos cuidados da criança, sofreu influências do seu ambiente familiar, sobretudo da avó, e da sociedade em que está inserida. Também foi observado que, para a transição alimentar das crianças, 97,4% das mães recebeu orientação escrita além da orientação verbal.
Objectives This study aimed to test the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats before and after anesthetic block of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus, respectively, to determine whether they depend on a myotatic reflex arc. Methods Fifty-five cats with a normal neurologic examination that were referred for elective gonadectomy were divided into group 1 (29 cats) for testing the extensor carpi radialis reflex, and group 2 (26 cats) for testing the cranial tibial reflex. In group 1, the extensor carpi radialis reflex was tested after anesthetic induction and 15 mins after brachial plexus block with lidocaine. In group 2, the cranial tibial, withdrawal and patellar reflexes were elicited in 52 hindlimbs and retested 15 mins after epidural anesthesia. Results In group 1, before the anesthetic block, 55.17% of the cats had a decreased and 44.83% had a normal extensor carpi radialis reflex. After the block, 68.96% showed a decreased and 27.59% a normal reflex. No cat had an increased or absent reflex before anesthetic block. In group 2, prior to the anesthetic block, 15.38% of the cats had a decreased cranial tibial reflex and 84.62% had a normal response, whereas after the block it was decreased in 26.92% and normal in 73.08% of the cats. None of the cats had an increased or absent reflex. Regarding the presence of both reflexes before and after anesthetic block, there was no significant difference at 1% ( P = 0.013). Conclusions and relevance The extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats are not strictly myotatic reflexes, as they are independent of the reflex arc, and may be idiomuscular responses. Therefore, they are not reliable for neurologic examination in this species.
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