Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Chlorophyllum were carried out on the basis of morphological differences and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences, six well-supported clades and 17 phylogenetic species are recognised. Within this phylogenetic framework and considering the diagnostic morphological characters, two new species, C. africanum and C. palaeotropicum, are described. In addition, a new infrageneric classification of Chlorophyllum is proposed, in which the genus is divided into six sections. One new combination is also made. This study provides a robust basis for a more detailed investigation of diversity and biogeography of Chlorophyllum.

Clitocybe umbrinopurpurascens, a rare species thus far known only from Morocco, is redescribed based on fresh collections made in Calabria (South Italy). Photographs of fresh material and drawings of the main micromorphological features of the species are provided. The type collection, in poor condition and not suitable for molecular analysis, was restudied macro- and micromorphologically and was found fully identical with the collections from Calabria. Based on molecular data, this species  belongs to the genus Pseudoomphalina (type Omphalia kalchbrenneri) and the genus Neohygrophorus is treated as a synonym of Pseudoomphalina. A collection from Calabria is chosen as an epitype for P. umbrinopurpurascens. Our morphological and molecular revision of other Pseudoomphalina species did not provide evidence supporting the placement of  Agaricus pachyphyllus in Pseudomphalina, or any other of the allied genera, therefore, for this species the new genus Pseudolaccaria is introduced. As there are no extant original herbarium specimens, a lectotype and epitype for Omphalia kalchbrenneri and a neotype for Agaricus pachyphyllus are designated.

Laccaria macrocystidiata, a marasmioid species, originally described as Laccaria affinis f. macrocystidiata from Central Italy, was synonymised with the North American taxon Laccaria laccata var. pallidifolia, but only on a morphological basis. In this paper, the independent position of L. macrocystidiata from L. laccata var. pallidifolia and other species of Laccaria is pointed out on the basis of ITS-LSU phylogenetic analyses. According to our results, Laccaria macrocystidiata var. longispinosa is considered a synonym of Laccaria macrocystidiata. Laccaria macrocystidiata holotype consists of only one basidioma in poor condition; thus, a new epitype from an Italian collection was designated.