O cultivo do milho pode ocorrer em condições de safrinha ou cultivo em sequeiro. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de ácido salicílico (AS) como atenuador de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 6 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator seis doses de AS (0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 mM), e o segundo com ou sem déficit hídrico, e cinco repetições, contendo um controle sem aplicação e com capina manual. Avaliou-se fitotoxicidade, clorofilas totais e massa de matéria seca (parte aérea e raiz). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. As plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico apresentaram falta de turgidez nas folhas e crescimento menor se comparadas às que não sofreram déficit hídrico. As plantas sob estresse apresentaram maior sintomas de fitotoxicidade. Os dados de clorofila e de massa seca mostram prejuízos com o déficit hídrico, o que pode minimizar a taxa fotossintética, por possuir menor concentração de clorofila. Conclui-se que o AS atenua os efeitos de déficit hídrico no milho

Weed management in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants is an essential condition for the future success of the crop. Currently, the producer has few options to perform chemical management at this stage. Therefore, one of the solutions that is being used is the tank mixing of products proven efficient with new products on the market, such as indaziflam. The objective of this study is to know the selectivity of indaziflam, associated or not with oxyfluorfen, in coffee pre-planting and its effectiveness in weed control. Thus, the following treatments were tested in the field: indaziflam (25 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha^-1 a.i.), oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (25 g ha^-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha^-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), plus a weeded and a non-weeded control. All treatments caused low intoxication in the seedlings, but without impairing the development and orphological variables of the plants. The treatments were efficient in controlling the species <em>Bidens pilosa L</em>., <em>Commelina benghalensis</em> L., <em>Urochloa decumbens</em>, <em>Emilia fosbergii</em> and <em>Melampodium perfoliatum</em> until 68 days after application. At 104 days, it was observed that there was a reduction in the efficiency of the products. It is concluded that the associated use of indaziflam and oxyfluorfen does not cause intoxications capable of interfering with the development of coffee plants. The association of these herbicides or their isolated applications is efficient in the control of weeds in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants, and the choice of the best management strategy is dependent on the weed community present in each area.

<p>Weed management is one of the main and most problematic cultural practices used in coffee plantations. Slow growth, broad spacing associated with scarce registered products for weed control at an early crop stage, are the main problems faced by producers. Therefore, it is desirable for new herbicidal molecules to be registered for this crop, as is the recent case of indaziflam. This study aimed to know the influence of indaziflam on the morphological characteristics of coffee plants and to propose alternatives to reduce its effects on plants. Therefore, the effects of this herbicide on two arabica coffee cultivars were studied, as well as the association of this herbicide with protection of the seedling collar (PVC pipes and bovine manure). Controls on weeds, possible intoxications on seedlings and effects on the main morphological characteristics of coffee plants were evaluated. The morphological growth of cultivar 144 is naturally higher than that of cultivar IBC 12. Although treatments with the use of indaziflam cause intoxication in the seedlings, a reduction in plant damage was observed over time, and the damage was insignificant. In general, it was observed that cultivar IBC 12 suffered minor intoxications, but it is more sensitive to the presence of indaziflam, since it presented greater damage in the morphological variables. The use of manure with the PVC pipe can be an alternative to reduce the effects of this herbicide, as it reduced the effects of the product on the root system of this cultivar. It is concluded that the application of indaziflam causes mild symptoms in coffee plants independent of the planted cultivar. Indaziflam causes reduction in seedling morphology, and this effect is dependent on the cultivar used. The use of manure associated to the PVC pipe can be an alternative to reduce the effects of indaziflam, mainly in the root system of coffee plants.</p>

The presence of weeds in cabbage cultivation areas causes a reduction in the productivity and quality of the commercial product. Given the difficulties in management and the scarcity of registered products for weed control in cabbage cultivation, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of the cabbage cultivars Astrus Plus to the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba. Two experiments were performed; one under controlled conditions and another conducted in the field. The efficacy of the herbicides on the initial growth of the crop was evaluated in the first experiment, measuring the dry matter of the aerial part, the root of the plant, and evaluating the intoxication of the plants. Plant poisoning was also evaluated in the second experiment, along with crop production. No changes in the dry matter and plant poisoning were observed after the analyses performed in the controlled environment, showing that the cabbage presented tolerance to the applied herbicides. On the other hand, results from the experiments performed in the field showed that herbicide 2,4-D poisoned the cabbage causing reductions in production. Dicamba did not cause any damage in the initial phase of cultivation to this crop, with no reductions in its production. These results indicated the potential use of this herbicide in cabbage cultivation. It can be concluded from this study that the cultivar Astrus Plus is tolerant to dicamba. Under controlled conditions, 2,4-D does not cause toxicity to this cultivar, different from its effect when used in the field, where this herbicide can kill the cabbage plants.

A cebola é uma olerícola muito sensível à competição com as plantas daninhas. O controle manual, além de oneroso pode danificar a plântulas de cebola. Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo identificar pelo menos um herbicida e seu posicionamento para que fosse eficiente no controle de plantas daninhas, seletivo à cultura e ausente de resíduos nos bulbos comercializados. O experimento ocorreu em 5 áreas (MG, GO e SC) em blocos casualizados, sendo 11 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em 1a, 3a e 5a folha, com variações de volume de calda, flumioxazina (0,01+0,025 Kg ha ̄1 400L/ha e 800 ha ̄1) (0,015+0,05 Kg ha ̄1 400 e 800L ha ̄1), oxifluorfem (0,06+0,06+0,06L ha ̄1 1000L ha ̄1) (0,02+0,02+0,02L ha ̄1 400L ha ̄1), pendimetalina (0,91+0,91+0,91L ha ̄1 400L ha ̄1) e pendimetalina+flumioxazina ([0,91+0,008]+ [0,91+0,008]L ha ̄1 800L ha ̄1). Foram avaliadas injúrias, controle, classificação dos bulbos, produtividade comercial e análise de resíduos. A pendimetalina se mostrou bastante segura, não causando injúrias, porém em áreas de maior pressão de plantas daninhas, este não obteve controle satisfatório, reduzindo a produtividade em até 100%. Flumioxazina promoveu injúrias leves a moderadas, nos maiores volumes de calda apresentaram uma tendência de melhor controle, resultando em classificação e produtividades próximas a testemunha. Já o oxifluorfem promoveu injúrias moderadas na maior dose, mas controles acima de 90%, refletindo na classificação e produtividades de maiores médias. Não foram detectados resíduos de nenhum herbicida nas amostras enviadas. A flumioxazina (0,01+0,025Kg ha ̄1 e 0,015+0,05Kg ha ̄1 a 400 e 800L ha ̄1), oxifluorfem (0,06+0,06+0,06L ha ̄1 1000L ha ̄1) e pendimetalina+flumioxazina ([0,91+0,008]+ [0,91+0,008]L ha ̄1 800L ha ̄1) na tem potencial uso na região do Cerrado. No sul do Brasil, a pendimetalina (0,91+0,91+0,91 L ha ̄1 1000L ha ̄1, flumioxazina (0,01+0,025Kg ha ̄1 800L ha ̄1 e 0,015+0,05Kg ha ̄1), oxifluorfem (0,06+0,06+0,06L ha ̄1 1000L ha ̄1) e pendimetalina+flumioxazina ([0,91+0,008]+ [0,91+0,008] L ha ̄1). Pode-se concluir também que o volume de calda elevado, com a aplicação em ida e volta, permite uma maior cobertura do alvo, promove um melhor controle de plantas daninhas e minimiza as injúrias. Palavras-chave: Planta daninha. Allium cepa. Controle químico.