RESUMENAnte el impacto que la expansión urbana ejerce sobre el planeta y sobre su población, resulta esencial la utilización de técnicas de simulación que nos permitan elaborar escenarios sobre la evolución de estos sistemas. En este sentido, los Modelos Basados en Agentes (MBA) se presentan como una alternativa prometedora. Los MBA son modelos celulares y dinámicos que se basan en reglas de decisión y que permiten incorporar el comportamiento de los agentes involucrados en un determinado sistema. En esta investigación proponemos un diseño de un MBA para simular el crecimiento urbano en el Corredor del Henares (Comunidad de Madrid, España), teniendo en cuenta su dinámica urbana, los principales agentes involucrados en este proceso de expansión, su aspecto comportamental, así como la información espacial disponible. El principal objetivo es disponer de un diseño conceptual sólido, para posteriormente demostrar que los MBA pueden ser útiles como herramienta alternativa para simular el crecimiento urbano a escala subregional.Palabras clave: modelos basados en agentes, simulación de crecimiento urbano, Corredor del Henares, Comunidad de Madrid (España), Sistemas de Información Geográfica. ABSTRACTDue to urban sprawl impact over the planet and the population, the use of simulation techniques that generate scenarios regarding the evolution of those systems is imperative. Agent-based models (ABM) are presented as a promising alternative. ABM is a dynamic cellular model based on decision rules guided by the behaviour of agents. In the present work, we propose the design of an ABM to simulate urban growth in `Corredor del Henares´ (Community of Madrid, Spain), considering its urban dynamics and the main involved agents, as well as their particular behaviour and the available data. The main goal is to have a solid conceptual design in order to prove, in a short time, that ABM can be an alternative tool to simulate urban growth at a sub-regional scale.Keywords: agent-based models, urban growth simulation, `Corredor del Henares´, Community of Madrid (Spain), Geographic Information Systems. I. INTRODUCCIÓNEl impacto que la expansión urbana está y seguirá ocasionando sobre el planeta y sobre la población que lo habita es innegable. Ante esta situación, resulta esencial la utilización de técnicas de simulación que nos permitan elaborar distintos escenarios sobre la evolución de estos sistemas y así planificar de una forma racional y sostenible los futuros desarrollos urbanos. En este sentido, es cada día más habitual la utilización de modelos de simulación por parte de científicos expertos en materia territorial. Estos modelos, enfocados a la simulación de escenarios futuros (Paegelow y Camacho Olmedo, 2008;Carsjens, 2009;Hansen, 2010;Santé et al., 2010) se presentan como potentes herramientas para analizar y evaluar cuestiones ambientales y territoriales y, en general, cuestiones relacionadas con los procesos de toma de decisiones en planificación, contexto en el que se integra el presente trabajo.En general, estos modelos u...
Agent-based models have recently been proposed as potential tools to support urban planning due to their capacity to simulate complex behaviors. The complexity of the urban development process arises from strong interactions between various components driven by different agents. AMEBA (agent-based model for the evolution of urban areas) is a prototype of an exploratory, spatial, agent-based model that considers the main agents involved in the urban development process (urban planners, developers, and the population). The prototype consists of three submodels (one for each agent) that have been developed independently and present the same structure. However, the first two are based on a land use allocation technique, and the last one, as well as their integration, on an agent-based model approach. This paper describes the conceptualization and performance of the submodels that represent urban planners and developers, who are the agents responsible for officially launching expansion and defining the spatial allocation of urban land. The prototype was tested in the Corredor del Henares (an urban-industrial area in the Region of Madrid, Spain), but is sufficiently flexible to be adapted to other study areas and generate different future urban growth contexts. The results demonstrate that this combination of agents can be used to explore various policy-relevant research questions, including urban system interactions in adverse political and socioeconomic scenarios.
La utilización de Modelos Basados en Agentes (MBA) abre nuevas posibilidades para simular, entender y analizar los resultados del proceso de crecimiento y ocupación urbana teniendo en cuenta diferentes actores implicados en el mismo. El prototipo AMEBA (Agent-based Model for the Evolution of urBan Areas) pretende simular este fenómeno, donde interactúan planificadores, promotores inmobiliarios y la población, a partir del desarrollo de tres submodelos independientes. En el presente trabajo se describe la estructura y funcionamiento del submodelo de ocupación residencial por parte de la población y su integración final con los otros dos submodelos que representan la acción de los demás agentes. Los resultados muestran que es posible desarrollar una arquitectura integrada que permita simular de manera más completa este tipo de sistemas complejos y con la suficiente flexibilidad para ser utilizado en distintas áreas de estudio y simular diferentes escenarios de dinámica urbana a futuro.
Nature Based Solutions contribute both to mitigate and to adapt the cities to the impacts caused by climate change at urban level. Several methods and tools exist for assessing each strategy. However, none of them allow to cover the whole steps included from analyzing climate trends that could affect the cities, to NBS effectiveness. This paper reviews and classifies existing methods according to the relevant steps of climate resilience and NBS effectiveness, and a combination of various of those methods is presented in a practical case study. Bottom-up city energy, economic and environmental modelling have been performed to understand mitigation effects of NBS implementation at building and neighborhood level. Urban hydrodynamics and fluid dynamics have been modelled too, allowing the estimation of the adaptation effectiveness of the NBS scenarios in flooding and temperatures reduction respectively. Moreover, city vulnerability and urban risks, considering IPCC scenarios regarding climate trends, have been assessed to understand the areas of the city more vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Results show that strategies and climate hazards has been worked in a split way and there is a need to connect better mitigation and adaptation information to facilitate the municipalities taking robust decisions regarding the NBS implementation.
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