This article is based on a qualitative study exploring reasons for ill-being and well-being

This qualitative study sought to identify dignity‐based practices in a Norwegian activation programme − the Qualification Programme. Some welfare recipients are likely to experience shame in connection with their interaction with the welfare system. Previous research suggests that a dignity‐based approach could help welfare recipients to avoid such negative experiences. The operational components of dignity have been identified as autonomy, empathy and rights. Data gathered through individual interviews with participants and activation workers were examined using interpretative phenomenological analysis with a focus on exploring respondents’ perceptions of events to which they ascribe meaning. The findings indicate that accounts of empathy were common, but that the study’s participants seldom reported experiencing that their autonomy and rights were enhanced. Participation in the programme appeared to undermine the participants’ dignity, particularly when individual needs were overlooked. An underlying reason could be the current move away from a comprehensive understanding of service users’ different needs and to a narrow focus on employability.

Although poverty rates in the US are among the highest in the OECD, there is limited public support for a new war on poverty and persistent opposition the provision of generous welfare. This article addresses the long-standing puzzle of why such attitudes have proved so resistant to change. Based on focus groups discussions, this article offers the suggestion that this resistance may be due to public attachment to a shared conceptual model of poverty. The model embraces the American dream and a belief that opportunity enables anybody with adequate effort to achieve all their aspirations.

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