ResumenEn Uruguay el diagnóstico de rutina de Neospora caninum se realiza fundamentalmente por estudios histopatológicos de los fetos abortados, complementando esta información con resultados de serología y/o Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ). El objetivo de este estudio fue estandarizar un protocolo de amplificación de secuencias mediante PCR (polymerase chain reaction) para la detección de Neospora caninum en órganos de fetos abortados espontáneamente en bovinos para su incorporación a la rutina diagnóstica. Con este propósito se realizó un estudio retrospectivo utilizando muestras congeladas de archivo, de un periodo comprendido entre los años 2013 y 2016, con diagnóstico positivo o negativo a Neospora caninum. Los resultados mostraron que de 31 muestras positivas a Neospora caninum por las técnicas de rutina, 26 fueron positivas por PCR (84%), demostrando una alta sensibilidad de diagnóstico de esta técnica. Todas las muestras con diagnóstico negativo mediante histopatología (n=20) fueron confirmadas como negativo mediante PCR. La comparación de los resultados de PCR con los de histopatología, mediante el test de Cohen's Kappa, señalaron un acuerdo muy alto (81%, p<0.001) entre ambos diagnósticos. Dichos resultados sumados a la simplicidad y rapidez de la técnica podrían sugerir a la PCR como alternativo de la IHQ como técnica confirmatoria en el diagnóstico de rutina. También permitiría realizar análisis retrospectivos de muestras archivadas, paso fundamental para futuros estudios genéticos de la población de Neospora caninum presente en Uruguay.
The vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) is a wild species of South American camelid (SAC) that lives in the Andean region from Peru to Argentina. It is classified at Low Risk by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); however, it is a threatened species and conservation-related studies are needed. Assisted reproduction techniques are potentially useful as a conservation tool (Durrant B 2009 Theriogenology 71, 113-122), and the development of a sperm-based genome resource bank for subsequent use in AI in the vicuna is a priority. Although semen cryopreservation has been successfully applied in many species, difficulties have been encountered in SAC species. The aim of the present study was to obtain semen samples, measure testicular volume, and evaluate a protocol for cooling semen of Peruvian vicuna (V. v. mensalis). Six adult males, located at the Zoo Cerrito de la Libertad (Huancayo, Peru; n = 2), and Quimsachata Research Station (Puno, Peru; n = 4) were used. For semen collection, an electroejaculation procedure was carried out under general anesthesia. Semen was collected (n = 16) using a 2-cm-diameter probe with 3 ventral electrodes. Progressive electrical stimulation from 2 V to 12 V was applied in a protocol divided in 3 series: series 1, with 10 stimuli in 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V; series 2, with 10 stimuli in 4 V, 6 V, and 8 V; and series 3, with 10 stimuli in 10 V and 12 V. Fifteen ejaculates were collected. Semen samples (n = 6) were cooled to 4°C in egg yolk-Tris-citrate-glycerol extender and evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Seminal values of the ejaculates were as follows (mean ± SEM): volume = 0.85 ± 0.12 mL; pH = 7.09 ± 0.16; nonprogressive sperm motility = 28.08 ± 3.56%; sperm concentration = 166.29 ± 60.92 × 104 sperm/mL; and sperm normal morphology = 62.77% ± 1.96. Testicular volume was 22.95 ± 2.28 cm3 and did not show a correlation with seminal volume and sperm concentration (r = 0.06 and r = 0.16, respectively; P < 0.05). For cooling, the extender we used was able to maintain viability for 24 h: motility = >30%, viability = >25%, and normal morphology = ≈35%. The present results demonstrate the utility of our improved electroejaculation protocol in the vicuna, and the seminal values were similar to those of a previous study (Giuliano SM et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 583 abst) with domestic SAC. Also, we showed that vicuna semen could be successfully cooled and stored for 24 h in an egg yolk-Tris-citrate buffered extender. T. Huanca and M. L. Gonzáles (Quimschata Res. Stat.), G Rojas and L. Bermúdez (Huachipa Zoo), and S. Gonzáles (Zoo Cerrito de la Libertad). Reseach Supported by CONCYTEC (Fellowship to MAE).
Se utilizó plasma seminal equino en un dilutor de lactosa-EDTA para la criopreservación de espermatozoides epididimarios de equinos. Se trabajó con 12 pares de testículos de caballos beneficiados. Se separaron los epidídimos y se utilizó la técnica de lavado retrógrado para obtener los espermatozoides, inyectando 10 ml del dilutor lactosa-EDTA por el conducto deferente. Se utilizaron las muestras con más de 30% de motilidad progresiva. Las muestras fueron diluidas 1:1 con el diluyente lactosa-EDTA-plasma seminal y se envasó en pajillas de 0.5 ml a una concentración 386.3 x 106, y fueron congeladas en nitrógeno líquido y almacenadas por 10 días. Los valores obtenidos para las muestras frescas y descongeladas fueron: motilidad progresiva: 43.3 y 16.4% (p<0.05), viabilidad: 48.3 y 40.5%, morfología normal: 67.1 y 56.5%, e integridad de la membrana plasmática (HOS): 48.3 y 45.5%.
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