This checklist pertains to the entire 650,000-acre landscape within the administrative boundary of the Cedar River and Grand River National Grasslands. Only a quarter of that acreage, however, is National Forest System land. The remainder is private land (about 70%), Indian reservation land (~1%), state land (~3%), or U.S. Bureau of Reclamation land (~1%). The bulk of the data reported in this checklist is based on field work conducted on National Forest System and Bureau of Reclamation lands. The bird status and distribution reported herein may be slightly different, therefore, on the other landownerships within the checklist area. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation lands within the checklist area are administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, and are centered on Shadehill Reservoir. Those lands are managed for flood control and recreation. Private lands within the checklist area are managed primarily for agricultural purposes, specifically livestock husbandry, and hay, sunflower, com, and small grain (especially wheat) production. Tribal lands are mostly managed for livestock pasture. State land management varies by agency. State School Lands are managed for livestock pasture. Game, Fish, and Parks properties are managed for recreation or wildlife conservation. By law. National Forest System lands are managed for multiple uses, including wildlife conservation, soil and water protection, and recreation. The most visible land use is livestock grazing. Each year, about 11,000 cattle graze the National Forest System land within the checklist area. 6 Pasture 7 and Lemmon Lake GPA: From Lemmon, follow U.S. Highway 12 west 0.5 mile, then turn left (south) on SD Highway 73. After 9 miles (i.e. at milepost 232.6), turn left (east) onto graveled Perkins County Road 2 (a.k.a. Lemmon Lake Road). You will enter Pasture 7, GRNG, two miles east of SD Highway 73. From there, it is public land (Figure 9) along both sides of the road for the next 4 miles. Stop often and listen for singing Sprague's Pipits and Baird's Sparrows. These species can also be found to the north and south along Forest Service Road 5769 (see Figure 10). Burrowing Owls can be seen in the scattered Black-tailed Prairie Dog colonies throughout Pasture 7 (Figure 10). Ferruginous Hawks may be present as well. The stockponds distributed throughout Pasture 7 (Figure 10) should be searched for waterbirds, waterfowl, and shorebirds.