We studied waterfowl use of grass-sage stock ponds in north-central Wyoming during the 1988 and 1989 breeding seasons. Dabbling ducks, particularly mallards, were the most common breeders. Indicated breeding pair density averaged 2.7 pairs/ha of wetland surface, while brood density averaged 1.0 brood/ha of wetland surface. Waterfowl use and productivity were greatest on large (>3 ha), clear, deep ponds with grass shorelines and abundant submergent macrophytes. Pair use was positively correlated with water clarity, pond area, and macroinvertebrate diversity. Brood use was related to macroinvertebrate diversity, pond depth, and Shoreline Development Index. We recommend management priority be given to ponds that are deeper than I m to provide more water that is clear so macrophytes can be established. Macroinvertebrates should be artificially introduced into ponds. Fencing should be used to improve ponds for waterfowl use and brood rearing.

This checklist pertains to the entire 650,000-acre landscape within the administrative boundary of the Cedar River and Grand River National Grasslands. Only a quarter of that acreage, however, is National Forest System land. The remainder is private land (about 70%), Indian reservation land (~1%), state land (~3%), or U.S. Bureau of Reclamation land (~1%). The bulk of the data reported in this checklist is based on field work conducted on National Forest System and Bureau of Reclamation lands. The bird status and distribution reported herein may be slightly different, therefore, on the other landownerships within the checklist area. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation lands within the checklist area are administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, and are centered on Shadehill Reservoir. Those lands are managed for flood control and recreation. Private lands within the checklist area are managed primarily for agricultural purposes, specifically livestock husbandry, and hay, sunflower, com, and small grain (especially wheat) production. Tribal lands are mostly managed for livestock pasture. State land management varies by agency. State School Lands are managed for livestock pasture. Game, Fish, and Parks properties are managed for recreation or wildlife conservation. By law. National Forest System lands are managed for multiple uses, including wildlife conservation, soil and water protection, and recreation. The most visible land use is livestock grazing. Each year, about 11,000 cattle graze the National Forest System land within the checklist area. 6 Pasture 7 and Lemmon Lake GPA: From Lemmon, follow U.S. Highway 12 west 0.5 mile, then turn left (south) on SD Highway 73. After 9 miles (i.e. at milepost 232.6), turn left (east) onto graveled Perkins County Road 2 (a.k.a. Lemmon Lake Road). You will enter Pasture 7, GRNG, two miles east of SD Highway 73. From there, it is public land (Figure 9) along both sides of the road for the next 4 miles. Stop often and listen for singing Sprague's Pipits and Baird's Sparrows. These species can also be found to the north and south along Forest Service Road 5769 (see Figure 10). Burrowing Owls can be seen in the scattered Black-tailed Prairie Dog colonies throughout Pasture 7 (Figure 10). Ferruginous Hawks may be present as well. The stockponds distributed throughout Pasture 7 (Figure 10) should be searched for waterbirds, waterfowl, and shorebirds.

Ryan Cumbow). A "blue" Snow Goose was observed several times in the SW portion of the checklist area (for example at Booth Dam) in June 2010 or 201 1 (Ryan Cumbow pers. comm.). Alan Van Norman reported a Snow Goose in the Lyman County portion of the Fort Pierre National Grassland on 5 January 2013 (eBird database). ROSS'S GOOSE (Chen rossii) Status: Fairly common but irregular spring and fall migrant. Distribution: The distribution of the Ross's Goose is the same as the Snow Goose. High Counts: Approximately 40 Ross's Geese were with the hundreds of Snow Geese passing over the Cookstove Shelterbelt on 10 November 2014 (DNS). Remarks: Look for this species in large Bocks of Snow Geese. Peak migration periods for Ross's Geese are April and October/November. 17 CACKLING GOOSE (Brcinta hutchinsii) Status: Common but irregular spring and fall migrant, uncommon but irregular winter visitor. Distribution: Cackling Geese use cropland and wetland habitats. Remarks: Watch for this species in flocks of Canada Geese. Cackling Goose (Figure 16) migration peaks in April and October/November. Carey Cooper reported a relatively late Cackling Goose on 17 May 2014 in the Stanley County portion of the Fort Pierre National Grassland (eBird database). CANADA GOOSE (Brcinta canadensis) Status: Abundant spring and fall migrant, fairly common summer resident, abundant but irregular winter visitor. Distribution: Canada Geese use both cropland and wetlands. Nesting Records: Nests and broods are found annually within the checklist area. For example, a brood with 6 goslings was at South Lake Flat Dam on 12 July 2014 (DNS). Remarks: Local numbers swell with migrants from mid-March to late April, and again from October to early November. Early April to mid-August is the peak of breeding. Wintering flocks centered in Pierre are occasionally seen flying over or feeding in the checklist area. TRUMPTER SWAN (Cygnus buccinator) Status: Accidental fall migrant. Distribution: Trumpeter Swans use large reservoirs. Remarks: The only local record for this species pertains to two birds seen at Nels North Pasture on 16 October 2014 (Ryan Cumbow pers. comm.). TUNDRA SWAN (Cygnus columbianus) Status: Accidental fall migrant. Distribution: Trumpeter Swans use large reservoirs. Remarks: The only local record for this species pertains to a bird verified by Doug Backlund in County Line #14 on