Lingual fixed retainers and Hawley retainers had the longest survival times, followed by the COMBO retainers and vacuum-formed retainers. The reasons of failure were mainly mechanical (debond and fracture) and patient-related (loss).

Halitosis, a term derived from the Latin word halitus (breath) and the Greek suffix -osis is used to describe an unpleasant odour in expired air originating from oral or systemic sources. 1,2 The main compounds causing the unpleasant odour are volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) that are produced by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. 1 Studies have shown that, in the majority of cases, halitosis originates from the oral cavity, and the rest are caused by infections of the upper respiratory tract, systemic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus or renal diseases, or exogenous reasons, such as alcohol consumption, smoking and eating certain odoriferous foods. [3][4][5][6] The

Objectives To investigate the current commercially available clear aligners related to brands, companies, Google trends, and marketing claims presented on their official websites. Materials and methods A search was conducted in October 2020 to identify the relevant web-based information, using three languages (English, Chinese, and Korean) and search terms “clear aligner”, , , and in four search engines (Google, Bing, Baidu, and Naver) to identify current clear aligner companies. Each company website was reviewed and assessed for its marketing claims. Results A total of 75 clear aligner brands were identified and included in the study, and 280 claims from their official websites were analysed. Most (70.7%) of the companies made claims regarding “aesthetics”, 66.7% made claims regarding “increased comfort”, 58.7% made claims regarding “shorter treatment time”, and 56.0% of the companies made claims regarding “superior material”. Other claims were made regarding their “novel technology”, “superior hygiene”, “tracking Apps”, “remote monitoring”, and “reduced in-office visits”. Of these marketing claims, only 4.5% cited references supporting the company’s website claims; however, the references were mainly derived from internal company research. Conclusions Using three languages (English, Chinese, and Korean), 75 different brands of clear aligners were currently found online. Most of the marketing claims from the clear aligner companies’ official websites were not referenced to quality scientific studies. Clinicians and patients should critically appraise the content of company claims and advertisements.

The clinical management of impacted incisors affected by root dilaceration is challenging. This case report presents the treatment of an adolescent female patient who presented with a deeply impacted, rotated and dilacerated maxillary central incisor and also reviews the current literature on the definition, prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the anomaly. The impacted and dilacerated incisor was successfully orthodontically treated following a two-stage surgical exposure and after being rotated 100 degrees in the sagittal plane (due to the deep impaction and severe displacement). A Ballista spring and piggyback appliance technique were used to elevate the tooth. The dilacerated incisor was successfully preserved and relocated in the dental arch. The pre-operative and post-operative CBCT scans showed no significant root resorption of the repositioned tooth.

Routine tooth brushing is essential for oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, however, the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity makes it challenging to maintain good oral hygiene. 1,2 The fixed orthodontic appliances not only promote the amount of biofilm formation 3 but also increase the level of cariogenic bacteria in the biofilm. 4 The risk of developing enamel