Objective: To assess the surface roughness resulting after application of currently available interproximal polishing. Materials and Methods: The analysis was carried out by means of digital subtraction radiography, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The roughness of natural untreated enamel served as the reference. Five enamel reduction methods were tested (Profin, New Metal Strips, O-Drive D30, Air Rotor, and the Ortho-Strips) and were applied in accordance with their manufacturers' recommendations. Fifty-five teeth were treated by randomly chosen methods, all of which were applied by one person. One proximal surface was only ground and left unpolished while the other received the finishing and polish recommended by the manufacturer. Results: Loss of tooth substance, as measured by subtraction radiography, was significantly lower (P Ͻ .05) for the group treated with Ortho-Strips. Profilometric analysis of enamel roughness showed that the use of Ortho-Strips, O-Drive D30, and New Metal Strips in the grinding mode produced equally rough surfaces (P Ͼ .05). The Air Rotor and Profin system in the grinding mode produced the significantly (P Ͻ .05) roughest surfaces. A significant (P Ͻ .05) reduction of the mean roughness values was registered in all groups when treatment was followed by polishing. The Profin system and Ortho-Strips achieved the significantly smoothest surfaces (P Ͻ .05) with polishing. Conclusions: In general, interproximal enamel reduction should be followed by thorough polishing. Furthermore, oscillating systems seem to be advantageous.

Background and Aim: The assessment of correlations between orthopedic and orthodontic data based on interdisciplinary studies is of scientific and practical interest in the differentiation of preventive diagnostic and therapeutic fields between orthodontics and orthopedics. In the published literature there are various studies analyzing the correlations between specific Angle classes and orthopedic parameters. Results of these studies indicate a potential correlation between scoliosis and Class II malocclusion as well as between weak body posture and Class II malocclusion. The aim of the present interdisciplinary study was to examine correlations between orthodontic and orthopedic findings in preschool infants and to evaluate them with respect to preventive recommendations. Patients and Method: 59 pre-school infants (29 boys, 30 girls) aged 3.5-6.8 years (mean: 5.0 years) were enrolled in this study. A standardized orthodontic and orthopedic examination protocol was used. Results: The orthodontic examination showed Angle class distributions comparable with those in non-selected groups (Class I: 63%, Class II: 32%, Class III: 5%). The orthopedic examination revealed pathologic findings in 52% of the subjects, with statistically significant correlations between scoliosis and Class II malocclusion (p = 0.033) and between weak body posture and Class II malocclusion (p = 0.028). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that the orthodontic finding of Angle Class II in pre-school infants should induce prophylactic screening. The orthodontist could then not only initiate early orthodontic treatment to prevent incisor trauma in patients with extreme overjet, but could also take account of Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel: Die Bewertung von Beziehungen zwischen orthopädischen und kieferorthopädischen Befunden auf der Basis von interdisziplinären Studien ist von wissenschaftlichem und praktischem Interesse für die Differenzierung von präventiven gemeinsamen Diagnostik-und Therapiebereichen zwischen Kieferorthopädie und Orthopädie. Im bekannten Schrifttum finden sich mehrere Studien, welche Zusammenhänge zwischen bestimmten Angle-Klassen und orthopädischen Parametern evaluieren. Ergebnisse dieser Studien deuten auf eine mögliche Beziehung von Skoliosen und hypotoner Körperhaltung mit Angle-Klasse-II-Dysgnathien hin. Prospektives Ziel der vorliegenden interdisziplinären Studie war es, Beziehungen zwischen orthopädischen und kieferorthopädischen Befunden bei Vorschulkindern zu untersuchen und hinsichtlich präventiver Empfehlungen zu evaluieren. Patienten und Methode: 59 Vorschulkinder im Alter von 3,5 bis 6,8 Jahren wurden in diese Studie einbezogen. 29 Patienten waren männlich, 30 weiblich. Es erfolgten eine standardisierte klinische kieferorthopädische und orthopädische Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: Bei der kieferorthopädischen Untersuchung zeigte sich eine der Verteilung in unselektierten Gruppen entsprechende Angle-Klasse-Häufigkeit (Angle-Klasse I 63%, Angle-Klasse II 32% und Angle-Klasse III 5%). Die orthopädisc...

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Background The elaboration of a precise pre-surgical plan is essential during surgical treatment of dentofacial deformities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided simulation compared with the actual surgical outcome, following orthognathic surgery reported in clinical trials. Methods Our search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and SciELO for articles published in the last decade. A total of 392 articles identified were assessed independently and in a blinded manner using eligibility criteria, out of which only twelve articles were selected for inclusion in our research. Data were presented using intra-class correlation coefficient, and linear and angular differences in three planes. Results The comparison of the accuracy analyses of the examined method has shown an average translation (< 2 mm) in the maxilla and also in the mandible (in three planes). The accuracy values for pitch, yaw, and roll (°) were (< 2.75, < 1.7 and < 1.1) for the maxilla, respectively, and (< 2.75, < 1.8, < 1.1) for the mandible. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with intra-oral scans of the dental casts is the most used imaging protocols for virtual orthognathic planning. Furthermore, calculation of the linear and angular differences between the virtual plan and postoperative outcomes was the most frequented method used for accuracy assessment (10 out of 12 studies) and a difference less than 2 mm/° was considered acceptable and accurate. When comparing this technique with the classical planning, virtual planning appears to be more accurate, especially in terms of frontal symmetry. Conclusion Virtual planning seems to be an accurate and reproducible method for orthognathic treatment planning. However, more clinical trials are needed to clearly determine the accuracy and validation of the virtual planning in orthognathic surgery.

The decision, whether to extract healthy premolars in borderline patients for extraction therapy, is difficult to make. Our study clarifies the repercussions on cephalometric dentofacial parameters, facilitating future orthodontic extraction decisions.