With better detection and treatment, breast cancer is less likely to be the primary cause of death in the majority of breast cancer survivors; mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now more common. Given the long latency periods between cancer treatment completion and potential symptomatic CVD, there is a need to detect vascular changes before symptoms appear. This short review provides an overview of non-invasive, widely available, and relatively inexpensive techniques for assessing endothelial function, central and regional arterial stiffness, central blood pressures, and intima-media thickness. These tools exhibit acceptable reliability and validity, and are relatively practical. Clinical assessment recommendations are also provided. There is sufficient evidence to encourage the use of these techniques as a component of routine serial assessments, and to help guide appropriate treatment strategies.

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BACKGROUND COVID-19 radically changed neuro-oncology care. In this retrospective study, we examine the impact of COVID-19 infection on neuro-oncological care and clinical outcomes in two geographically separate populations. METHODS Descriptive statistics compared demographic and clinical history extracted from the medical records of COVID-19 positive patients with primary brain tumors treated between 3/1/2020 and 3/31/2021. All subjects were unvaccinated given our cohort pre-dates the ubiquitous availability of vaccines. Patients were treated at Washington University (WashU) in St. Louis, MO and Duke University in Durham, NC. Each site’s respective institutional review board approved the study, with a data transfer agreement in place. RESULTS We identified 62 total (WashU=13; Duke=49) subjects with positive COVID-19 infection. Patients were predominantly white (85.5%), male (56.5%), with KPS >=70 (82.3%) and never smoked (69.4%). WashU patients tended to be older with grade 4 tumors, but this was not significant. At the time of COVID infection 35.5% of patients were receiving cancer-directed therapy. Notably, 37.1% experienced delayed care due to a COVID-19 diagnosis, most often for scheduled systemic treatment or radiation treatment. A further 37.1% had an ER visit, hospitalization, or ICU stay attributed to COVID-19. Of the 17 patients who died during the study period, 4 deaths were attributed directly to COVID-19 and not to their underlying brain tumor or other cause. Finally, telehealth use differed between sites (84.6% at WashU vs 14.3% at Duke). However, this difference could not be attributed to patient age, performance status, or distance from treating institution. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection led to treatment delays and death for a subset, but not the majority of neuro-oncology patients. Telehealth use varied between sites and was not associated with commonly held assumptions about patient distance or performance status, suggesting evolving practice norms following telehealth’s introduction. Study limitations include a small sample size

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