This is an interpretative, critical, and selective review of scholarly contributions that explore Latin America’s religious landscape. We present data, both qualitative and quantitative, from Latin America and analyze the explanations given to make sense of it. After assessing the literature that uses either secularization theory or the “religious economy” approach, we study explanations that highlight a Latin American style of “popular religiosity.” These three models, in different ways, put the emphasis on religious institutions—their vitality, commands, competition, and authority. We propose, instead, a focus on the religious practices of regular believers. We speculate that embarking from that focus, the idea of an “enchanted modernity” will help make sense of Latin America’s religious landscape. Nuanced elucidation of Latin America’s religious particularities will situate them in dialogue with other regions of the world, like western Europe and the United States, while also acknowledging the fact that Latin America is experiencing a modernization process distinct from the North Atlantic one.

I. Presentación y antecedentesLa Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú es una universidad privada y católica, fundada en el año 1917 por el religioso de los Sagrados Corazones Jorge Dintilhac acompañado por cinco profesionales laicos peruanos. Presento a continuación algunas notas y datos relevantes sobre nuestra Universidad a manera de presentación general.La universidad se guía y es reconocida por sus valores y el respeto a las normas y derechos que son la base de su sólida institucionalidad. Así mismo toma en cuenta valores humanos y cristianos, como la búsqueda de la justicia, equidad, solidaridad, pluralismo y tolerancia, que ponen en el centro a las personas que forman la comunidad universitaria. Es una universidad autónoma que se gobierna con participación de estudiantes, profesores y autoridades elegidas por los miembros de la Asamblea Universitaria. Docentes y alumnos, así como egresados han participado en la defensa de los derechos humanos en el país como ciudadanos activos individualmente, en organizaciones de la sociedad civil o como funcionarios en instituciones del Estado como la Defensoría del Pueblo.

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This paper addresses a core puzzle: why is continued citizen mobilization accompanied by growing disempowerment of those same citizens? Why do movements fail, leaders burn out and members disperse, and what are the implications of this organizational failure for democratic representation? Our consideration of the issues is rooted in a close examination of urban

Perseverance's Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) is collecting data at Jezero Crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the atmosphere as no previous instrument did before. Here we show that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable nighttime thermal inversion to a diurnal, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients, and where local surface properties (such as Thermal Inertia) play an essential role. Recording multiple daily optical depths yielded higher aerosol concentrations in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are mainly driven by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations raise new puzzles in which changes in surface albedo and thermal inertia may play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure shows typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle characterized before as low wave activity. These observations, combined and simultaneous, show the rich Jezero’s meteorology, and unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface.