Objectives: to describe scientific evidence on the involvement of companions in patient safety, from their own perspective and health professionals’ perspective in neonatal and pediatric units. Methods: scoping review carried out according to The Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommendations, in eight databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, between 2011 and 2021. Results: the 13 studies included highlighted the importance of companions’ involvement in patient safety and the prevention of adverse events. However, they pointed out failures in communication and weakness in the training of professionals, which were obstacles to their involvement. The strengthening of health education, multidisciplinary rounds and educational technologies were highlighted as strategies to expand the involvement of companions. Final Considerations: this study directs elements for health professionals and managers to rethink the companions’ role in patient safety and development of collective strategies.

Background: Patient safety culture is influenced by factors such as professional category, experience, and age. Understanding these factors can inform initiatives to improve safety. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics on health professionals' perception of patient safety culture. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 514 health care professionals from Brazilian neonatal intensive care units was conducted using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Results: Several sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were associated with higher perceptions of safety culture, including older age and having a higher level of education. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and occupational factors may influence the safety culture in neonatal intensive care units and should be considered when developing and implementing strategies to improve safety.

Background: Incorrectly positioned gastric tubes occur in approximately 60% of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), increasing the risk of potentially serious complications. Purpose: To compare 3 methods of determining gastric tube insertion length in infants in the NICU. Methods: In this randomized triple-blind clinical trial, 179 infants admitted to the NICU were randomized to have their gastric tube insertion length determined by 1 of 3 methods: (1) the nose, earlobe, mid-umbilicus (NEMU) method, (2) a weight-based method, or (3) an age-related height-based (ARHB) method. Positioning of the gastric tube was verified by radiograph. R software was used for analyses. To compare categorical variables, Fisher's exact test, χ2 tests, and simulated χ2 tests were used. Results: Overall, infants had a mean gestational age of 35 weeks, 115 (58.8%) were male, and the mean birth weight was 2481.5 g. Upon radiological assessment, 145 gastric tubes (81.3%) were correctly positioned in the gastric body or greater curvature of the stomach with the weight-based method having the highest percentage of correctly positioned gastric tubes (n = 53; 36.6%), followed by the ARHB method (n = 47; 32.4%) and the NEMU method (n = 45; 31.0%). No significant differences were identified between groups (P = .128). Implication for Practice and Research: Despite the NEMU method being the most commonly used method in clinical practice, the weight-based and ARHB methods to determine gastric tube insertion length may be more accurate.