Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

Enquadramento: no contexto de emergência de saúde pública internacional por SARS-CoV-2, a suspensão das atividades letivas presenciais criou uma disrupção ao regular funcionamento das instituições de ensino superior com impacte na comunidade académica. Objetivo: avaliar o impacte da pandemia COVID-19 no percurso académico e de vida dos estudantes e sua satisfação com as medidas adotadas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório. Recolha de dados por questionário online, com questões centradas nas condições para o ensino à distância, nas vivências dos estudantes e no impacte e satisfação com o Plano de Contingência. A amostra não probabilística e de conveniência. Análise estatística dos dados de acordo com a natureza das variáveis. Resultados: participaram 264 estudantes com idade média de 28,2±10,2 anos. No geral, referem muito boas condições em casa para concretização do ensino à distância (X=4,4±0,67,2−5). A maioria (79,2%, n=209) refere ter participado nas atividades não presenciais após a ativação do Plano de Contingência. Da análise do impacte verificam-se níveis de adequação muito elevados das plataformas educativas. Constata-se também, uma elevada satisfação com a informação fornecida. Conclusão: as medidas adotadas foram adequadas tendo contribuído para reduzir o impacte do COVID-19 no processo de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação dos estudantes.

This study extends the theory of planned behavior model and examines the humane factors (altruism, environmental knowledge, personal appearance concerns, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms) that shape attitudes and buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics and the consumer characteristics that reflect their behavior toward such products. Recent global occurrences have affected human behavioral patterns, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, which we aim to study. Has behavior changed to become more ethical? A survey was carried out involving a sample of 425 Portuguese participants (a feminine culture), following a convenience- and snowball-sampling procedure. Significant correlations were found between environmental knowledge, subjective norms, and buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics with attitude and environmental knowledge and buyer behavior. Through structural equation modeling to evaluate the conceptual model, a good model fit was found, being that standardized values in the model are significant except for regressions from perceived behavior control and personal appearance concerns to buyer behavior toward cruelty-free cosmetics. Women present higher values than men on attitude, altruism, environmental knowledge, and buyer behavior, in line with what is expected in a traditional and conservative feminine culture such as that to be found in Portugal. Such a result points to the need to promote increased gender equality, for example, in senior leadership roles, as women are seen to have the desirable qualities required for a more sustainable, cruelty-free, and humane society. This is an alert for human-resource managers in the region.

We investigate a cyclic game system where organisms face an epidemic beyond being threatened by natural enemies. As a survival strategy, individuals of one out of the species usually safeguard themselves by approaching the enemies of their enemies and performing social distancing to escape contamination when an outbreak affects the neighbourhood. We simulate how the survival movement strategy to local epidemic surges must adapt if a pathogen mutation makes the disease deadlier. We study the spatial distribution of local outbreaks and observe the influence of disease mortality on individuals’ spatial organisation. We show that adapting the survival movement strategy for a high mortality disease demands an altruistic behaviour of the organisms since their death risk increases. Despite weakening the disease transmission chain, which benefits the species, abandoning refuges provided by safeguarding social interaction increases the vulnerability to being eliminated in the cyclic game. Considering that not all individuals exhibit altruism, we find the relative growth in the species density as a function of the proportion of individuals behaving altruistically. Our results may be helpful for biologists and data scientists to understand how adaptive altruistic processes can affect population dynamics in complex systems.

Enquadramento: a contenção física em serviços de psiquiatria é uma prática comum, que pode comprometer a liberdade, a autodeterminação, a dignidade e a vida da pessoa. Associado aos esforços para minimizar o recurso a esta medida, o fator rácio enfermeiro-utente tem sido pouco estudado. Objetivo: analisar a influência do rácio enfermeiro-utente em serviços de psiquiatria, no recurso à contenção física e isolamento. Metodologia: revisão sistemática da literatura, segundo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Incluíram-se estudos em utentes internados em serviços de psiquiatria, publicados até 10/12/2020. Resultados: triaram-se 1208 estudos, incluindo 4 observacionais. Um analisou o rácio, enquanto os outros analisaram o número de enfermeiros/profissionais. Dois analisaram a taxa e duração do isolamento, enquanto os restantes analisaram também a contenção física. Dois estudos concluíram que o aumento do número/rácio de enfermeiros diminui o uso e duração de medidas restritivas, enquanto nos outros dois se conclui o inverso. No estudo em que se analisou o rácio enfermeiro-utente, observou-se a redução destas medidas. Conclusão: não foi possível determinar uma clara associação entre melhoria do rácio enfermeiro-utente em serviços de psiquiatria e redução do recurso à contenção física e isolamento. Contudo, recomenda-se o reforço da investigação para que se possam identificar resultados robustos.