Self-assessment examinations were administered to job applicants for 13 different occupational classes These examinations were composed of lists of tasks that were either job-related as determined by a job analysis or bogus but superficially resembling the job-related tasks Applicants were asked to rate the extent of their training and experience on each task Analysis of these ratings revealed that inflation bias was prevalent and pervasive. A subsequent test of five clerical classes demonstrated that inflation bias was negatively associated with an external performance measure. Two solutions for correcting for inflation bias were examined. Both were demonstrated to be sound procedures for reducing inflation bias and have the potential for enhancing test validity.Requests for reprints should be sent to the Selection Center,

SYNOPSIS The purpose of this study was to conduct a controlled comparison of tension and migraine headache under several experimental conditions. Ten subjects from each of the following diagnostic groups ‐ tension headache, migraine headache, and healthy controls ‐ were observed under conditions of unstructured relaxation, mild stress, and recovery from stress. Forearm and forehead muscle potential, peripheral temperature, electrodermal response, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored during these sessions. In addition, ratings of pain were obtained, and booklets II and III of the Edwards Personality Inventory were completed by each subject. The hypotheses that tension headache is associated with increased frontalis muscle tension and that migraine headache is associated with increased vasomotor activity were not supported with respect to resting levels, response to physical or psychological stress, or in relationship to pain. Personality differences between the three groups were observed. Migraine subjects appeared to be more perfectionistic and success‐oriented than the other groups: and tension headache subjects, more anxious and insecure. It was suggested that although personality differences indicate the existence of two distinct disorders, physiological variables that were believed to be basic to the pathophysiology of these headaches (e.g. frontalis EMG in tension headache) do not distinguish these two types of headache.

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