This initial experience with (CDDP-LITT) indicates both safety and therapeutic potential for palliation of advanced head and neck cancer. However, safety and feasibility must be confirmed by longer follow-up and further escalation of CDDP doses in a Phase I study to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and demonstrate tangible benefits for patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:756-762, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
METODOLOGIA: Revisão narrativa realizada a partir de busca no PubMed com os descritores "(("early palliative care" [All Fields]) AND ("oncology"[All Fields])) AND ("adult"[All Fields])". Foram encontrados 84 artigos dos quais, após a aplicação de critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 9 artigos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar como o cuidado paliativo precoce (CPP) impacta no prognóstico, qualidade de vida e uso de recursos no paciente adulto oncológico. RESULTADOS: Quatro estudos avaliaram que o uso de CPP auxilia no processo de tomada de decisão e acaba por reduzir o uso de terapias desproporcionais para pacientes com tumores avançados. O primeiro observou redução do risco de morte no hospital, redução do uso de tratamento agressivo no último mês de vida e diminuição do uso de terapia intensiva no último mês de vida nos pacientes em acompanhamento por CPP em relação ao grupo controle. O segundo evidenciou que, quando os cuidados paliativos (CP) são iniciados de 31 a 91 dias antes da morte em pacientes com câncer de pulmão metastático, há diminuição do uso de quimioterapia e de ventilação mecânica. O terceiro trabalho avaliou que o uso de quimioterapia nos últimos 60 dias de vida no grupo de CPP foi menor que no de CP tardio; no grupo do CPP houve maior probabilidade de sobrevida em 1 ano. O quarto observou que o grupo de CPP teve menor chance de readmissão após 7 dias da alta hospitalar, com tempo de internação mais curto, maior taxa de alta, menor uso de serviço de saúde domiciliar e as taxas de transferência para UTI diminuíram 16% nesses pacientes. Três estudos compararam a aplicação do CPP: sob demanda e aplicado de modo sistemático. Dois avaliaram o CPP de oferecido de forma sistemática e demonstrou que esse melhorou os índices de tratamento agressivo na fase final da vida, diminuiu o uso de quimioterapia nos últimos 30 dias de vida e promoveu melhora do humor, da sobrevida geral e da satisfação da família. Já o terceiro observou melhores pontuações nas escalas de depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida no grupo de CP sob demanda associado ao tratamento oncológico padrão. Por fim, dois estudos não tiveram resultados significativos com o uso de CPP em relação ao sofrimento e a qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: As principais vantagens observadas do CPP foram o aumento da sobrevida, a redução do uso de terapias desproporcionais, a diminuição nas taxas de transferência para UTI e do risco de morte no hospital. DESCRITORES: early palliative care, oncology, adult
Introduction: With an increase in the incidence of cancer, there is greater experience in the management of cancer patients in the ICU. Despite scientific advances, this admission is associated with a worse prognosis. At the same time, there is benefit from the integrated assessment of the palliative team for symptom control and quality of life. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and descriptive study. The profile of cancer patients admitted to the ICU was analyzed between 2015 and 2017, followed up with a palliative care team, and changes in conduct and outcomes were evaluated. Access to medical records and processing of data registered with the IBCC/São Camilo Oncology CEP, approved under Opinion Number 2,752,245. Results: There were a total of 67 medical records, predominantly female, mean age of 61.6 years. The most prevalent cancer was breast, followed by ovary and head and neck. Metastatic disease corresponded to 86.6% of the cases. The main reason for hospitalization was sepsis and the justification for integrated monitoring was the prioritization of comfort measures. Changes made were adjustment of analgesia, sedation, reduction of hydration and diet, de-escalation of antibiotic therapy and family support. Among the patients, 67.2% received chemotherapy, of these 9%, in the last 14 days of life. Mean length of stay of 14.7 days, interval between admission and start of integrated follow-up was 9.2 days. Regarding the outcomes, 34.3% of the patients were discharged to the ward and 65.7% died. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparative analysis with a mean of 6 days for discharge and 5.1 days for death, without statistical significance. Conclusion: Cancer patients were admitted to the ICU for acute complications and received the recommended treatment, the presence of metastasis not being a limiting factor. Patients who evolve with poor prognosis criteria, it is suggested to evaluate the palliative care team to better control symptoms and add criteria for therapeutic programming in order to avoid futile measures of prolonging life.
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