The presence of urban green spaces (UGS) increases the human’s contact with nature and provides numerous benefits to the society and the local environment. In this way, analyzing, planning and stimulating the implementation of UGS in cities is a fundamental action to improve the life quality of urban society. In this context, the aim was to analyze the situation and distribution of the green spaces of the universities cities of Lavras, Minas Gerais State (Brazil) and Newark, Delaware (USA). For data collection, researches performed field visits and used aerial photography to survey and analysis before calculating indicators including green area index (GAI) and green space ratio (GSR). The city of Lavras has a GAI of 0.54 m2 inh-1. The GSR value was 0.29%, not meeting the minimum of 5% required by local municipal law. Furthermore, there is a bad distribution of UGSs in the urban framework. However, in Newark, the distribution of UGSs is homogeneous and covers all regions of the city. The calculated GAI was 50.2 m² inh-1 and the GSR has met the 7% minimum required by its Newark Municipal Law. When comparing the two cities, in different countries and conditions it is concluded that Newark (DE) presents UGS indicators, GAI (m² inh-1) and GSR (%), higher than the values obtained in Lavras (MG), indicating the need for Government actions to increase these values.
The green area index is one of the parameters used to scale the life's quality of a city. Thus, the objective was to carry out the survey of green area index from Lavras-MG, in two different periods, with an interval of 10 years, making a comparative analysis of the index evolution in this period. It was carried out the assessment of the number of city squares, as well as its area and calculate the green area index. It was considered appropriate for this index, public areas located in urban area and over 70% of the permeable area. For determine this index, it was calculated the sum of the total area of the squares divided by the number of inhabitants of the city. It is concluded that green area index in Lavras-MG is 0.42 m²/ inhabitant. There was an increase of 12% compared to the diagnosis realized in 2001, but lower than that proposed by the Brazilian Society for Urban Forestation, 15 m²/inhabitant. Keywords: landscaping, parks, squares, life's quality. RESUMOInventário quantitativo e análise da evolução do índice de áreas verdes em Lavras-MG O índice de áreas verdes é um dos parâmetros utilizados para dimensionar a qualidade de vida de uma cidade. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento do índice de áreas verdes da cidade de Lavras, MG, em dois períodos diferentes, com intervalo de 10 anos, fazendo uma análise comparativa da evolução desse índice nesse período. Realizou-se o diagnóstico do número de praças da cidade, bem como sua área e cálculo do índice de áreas verdes. Consideraram-se adequadas, para o cálculo desse índice, áreas públicas situadas na malha urbana e com mais de 70% da área permeável. Para a determinação do índice, foi calculada a soma das áreas totais das praças dividida pelo número de habitantes da cidade. Conclui-se que o índice de áreas verdes na cidade de Lavras é de 0,42 m²/habitante. Ocorreu aumento de 12% em relação ao diagnóstico realizado em 2001, mas inferior ao proposto pela Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana, de 15 m²/habitante. Palavras-chave: paisagismo, parques, praças, qualidade de vida.
Perfil y comportamiento de los usuarios de espacios verdes en pequeñas ciudades
Tiradentes Square, an Ouro Preto's importante place, has importance in the regional and national scenery. There are studies about its surroundings but no information concerning its historical evolution. In prospect to know its evolutionary process and identifying its landscape representation in the collective unconscious of the inhabitants from Ouro Preto-MG, it was analyzed the city's urban development and the transformations undergone by this square. The applied method had an interface between inventive and subjective analyzes. This study focused its interest on its morphological transformations and its social representation. It was possible to identify the physical evolution processes and the place's practices using inventive analysis, and esthetic and symbolic values using the subjective analysis. Tiradentes Square showed his vocation to represent the government, reaching its peak when it received the monument to Tiradentes, becoming a national symbol during the twentieth century. Keywords: historical garden, heritage, landscaping. RESUMO Transformações físicas e apropriações sociais da Praça Tiradentes em Ouro Preto-MGA Praça Tiradentes, um dos locais de destaque de Ouro Preto, é um lugar de importância no cenário regional e nacional. Existem estudos sobre seu entorno, mas não há informações sobre sua evolução histórica. Na perspectiva de conhecer seu processo evolutivo e identificar suas representações paisagísticas no inconsciente coletivo dos habitantes de Ouro Preto-MG, analisaram-se o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade e as transformações sofridas por esta praça. O método aplicado foi uma interface entre as análises inventiva e subjetiva. Este estudo centrou seu interesse em suas transformações morfológicas e na sua representação social. Com a análise inventiva, foi possível identificar os processos de evolução física e as práticas do lugar e, com a subjetiva, os valores estéticos e simbólicos. A Praça Tiradentes evidenciou sua vocação para representar o poder público, atingindo seu auge quando acolheu o monumento a Tiradentes, tornando-se símbolo nacional no decorrer do século XX. Palavras-chave: jardins históricos, patrimônio, paisagismo.
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