Scedosporium apiospermum rhinosinusal infection in an immunocompetent hostScedosporium species can cause colonization, superficial and deep localized infection or systemic disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of localized infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in a 47 year old woman, with previous nasal surgery. She consulted for recurrent mucopurulent post-nasal discharge not responding to antibiotics. Computed tomography showed opacification of right maxillary sinus. Surgery was performed to removed abnormal tissue from sinus; biopsy revealed chronic sinusitis with aggregate of tightly packed hyphae suggestive of filamentous fungi. The microbiology fungal culture reported Scedosporium apiospermum.

Species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of yeasts of genus Candida isolated from hospitalized and ambulatory patients Most surveillance studies have included invasive candidiasis from hospitalized patients. However, no national study has evaluated the species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole of Candida species isolated from hospitalized and ambulatory patients. A total of 166 strains were collected consecutively during a 6 month period. Strains were isolated from vaginal fluid (73.5%), urine (7.8%), lower respiratory tract samples (7.8%), blood cultures (4.2%), sterile fluids (2.4%) and wounds (1.8%). Most of the isolates were obtained from ambulatory patients (71.1%). The species found were Candida albicans (78.9%), C. glabrata (8.4%), C. tropicalis (6.0%), C. famata (1.8%), C. krusei (1.8%), C. parapsilosis (1.8%) and C. sake (1.2%). Fluconazole susceptibility was: 92.3% for C. albicans, 85.7 % for C. glabrata (most strains being dose-dependent susceptible), 100% for C. parapsilosis and 80% for C. tropicalis. Only susceptible strains were isolated from hospitalized children, whereas more resistant strains were isolated from ambulatory adults, mainly from vaginal fluid. In order to identify probable reservoirs of less susceptible strains such as C. glabrata, it would be necessary to include ambulatory isolates in future surveillance studies.

Primary Listeria monocytogenes infection in a cirrhotic woman. Report of one case L. monocytogenes infections are infrequent. Sepsis in pregnant women and newborns and central nervous system infections in the elderly are the most common clinical manifestations. We report a 61 years old woman with diabetes Mellitus and a Child B hepatic cirrhosis, admitted for persistent fever. Blood cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal and sterile. She was treated with ampicillin and amikacin with a good response. Control blood cultures were negative. She was discharged 14 days after in good conditions (Rev Méd Chile 2008; 136: 225-9).

Shigella spp infections in children living in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, during summer of 2004-2005 Background: Shigella spp is a frequent cause of diarrhea in children. Antimicrobials decrease the duration of diarrhea and pathogen excretion. However, the increasing resistance limits their therapeutic value. Aim: To study Shigella serotype distribution in the Metropolitan Region in Chile, and its relationship with severity of disease, antimicrobial resistance pattern and clonality. Material and methods: During summer 2004-2005, stool samples from children with diarrhea were collected in Cary Blair transport medium and cultured. Shigella isolates were serotyped using monoclonal and polyclonal commercial antibodies. In vitro activity of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azythromycin was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Clonality was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI as restriction enzyme. Results: One hundred thirty nine Shigella strains were isolated (77 S sonnei and 62 S flexneri). S sonnei and S flexneri 2a serotypes were responsible for 95% of episodes. Children aged 2-4 years, showed a greater incidence of Shigella infections and 77% of episodes were treated on an ambulatory basis. High resistance levels were observed for ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillinclavulanic acid and chloramphenicol (67%, 60%, 56% and 45%, respectively). We found 11 resistance patterns and 61,2% of strains were multiresistant. There were multiple clones without a strict relationship with resistance patterns. Conclusions: Shigella infections in Metropolitan Region in Chile are associated to a restricted number of serotypes, representing a clonal expansion associated to different antimicrobial resistant patterns (