The coordination of humanitarian relief, e.g. in a natural disaster or a conflict situation, is often complicated by a scarcity of data to inform planning. Remote sensing imagery, from satellites or drones, can give important insights into conditions on the ground, including in areas which are difficult to access. Applications include situation awareness after natural disasters, structural damage assessment in conflict, monitoring human rights violations or population estimation in settlements. We review machine learning approaches for automating these problems, and discuss their potential and limitations. We also provide a case study of experiments using deep learning methods to count the numbers of structures in multiple refugee settlements in Africa and the Middle East. We find that while high levels of accuracy are possible, there is considerable variation in the characteristics of imagery collected from different sensors and regions. In this, as in the other applications discussed in the paper, critical inferences must be made from a relatively small amount of pixel data. We, therefore, consider that using machine learning systems as an augmentation of human analysts is a reasonable strategy to transition from current fully manual operational pipelines to ones which are both more efficient and have the necessary levels of quality control.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.
aResumen: La Administración electrónica española ha experimentado un considerable avance desde la generalización de Internet, que ha facilitado que los procesos de comunicación de ciudadanos y empresas con las Administraciones Públicas hayan dado un considerable giro. El estudio realizado ha tenido como objetivo los webs de los ayuntamientos españoles de las ciudades capitales de provincia y de las dos ciudades autónomas (Ceuta y Melilla), y en concreto qué contenidos se ofrecen y quiénes se encargan de su creación, desarrollo, mantenimiento y actualización. Así, para el estudio sobre los contenidos y servicios que ofrecen los websites se elaboró un cuestionario aplicado mediante observación directa. Y para conocer quié-nes se encargan de la gestión técnica del website y de la gestión de los contenidos se confeccionó un test que fue enviado por correo electrónico y fax a los responsables de estos nuevos servicios al ciudadano, y que respondieron 33 de los 52 ayuntamientos. Se concluye que a nivel municipal estamos todavía inmersos en la etapa de la oferta informativa aunque algunas administraciones locales avanzan más rápidamente que otras hacia la administración electrónica, y que aún estamos muy lejos del gobierno electrónico. Palabras clave: Ayuntamientos, municipalidades, web, Internet, provincias, España, gestión de información, gestión de contenidos, webmaster, test, administración electrónica.Abstract: Spain's authorities have become more agile since the generalisation of the Internet, the use of which has significantly improved the ways in which they communicate with the country's citizens and companies. The subjects of this study were the websites produced by the Town Councils of Spain's provincial capitals as well as those of the autonomous cities Ceuta and Melilla. Their content and the personnel in charge of their creation, development, maintenance and updating were all examined. A questionnaire was designed to study the content of and the services offered by these
Se realiza una búsqueda y estructuración de todos los Museos Navales y Marítimos de España y Latinoamérica con el objetivo de elaborar una herramienta online, disponible a cualquier hora desde cualquier lugar, que congregue información valiosa y esencial acerca de este tipo de instituciones culturales, útil para todos los usuarios en general, y para los investigadores en especial.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.