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Objective The aim of this study is to compare the effect of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and nimesulide on inflammatory parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and quality of life after lower third molar (L3M) surgery. Material and methods A randomized, two-factor, triple-blind, controlled, split-mouth clinical trial was performed with 40 volunteers who required bilateral L3M removal. Patients were allocated depending on the use or not of 100 mg nimesulide 1 hbefore surgery, as well as the use or not of LLLT in the preoperative period. Results Pain peaks occurred after 6 h (nimesulide-placebo [N-P] group) and 8 h (nimesulide group). In the N-P group, LLLT resulted in significantly lower mean pain scores than the subgroup without LLLT after 4 h ( p = 0.009) and 6 h ( p = 0.048). As for edema, a shorter distance between the mandibular angle and the outer canthus of the eyes after 7 days ( p = 0.037) and a smaller cumulative effect ( p = 0.036) were observed in the N-P group associated with LLLT. A direct effect between LLLT ( p = 0.047) and a reduction in the mean scores of overall dissatisfaction with quality of life was detected. Conclusions Preemptive use of nimesulide only delayed peak pain. LLLT reduced edema, trismus, and contributed to a better perception of quality of life. Nimesulide inhibits peroxidation by increasing GSH and stopping neutrophil migration. The benefit of the association of both strategies was not superior to the use of LLLT alone. Clinical relevance Translational study with impact on clinical-surgical protocols involving L3M surgery related to pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.

Pesticides containing organophosphorus compounds, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), are frequently used in agricultural activities, and their use has been increasing due to the presence of multiple plant diseases which threaten the production of vegetable food products. As a result of this practice, the soils in question are often found to be contaminated due to the fact that these pesticides do not immediately degrade and hence remain for long periods of time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degradation of CPF in the presence and absence of the worm Eisenia foetida (EF) in soils contaminated with 40 mg/kg of CPF during a 28-day period. The D group, whose soil was sterilized and in which no EF worms were present, yielded a CPF-degradation result of 33.68 %. The C group, in which the soil was unsterilized and there were no EF worms present, yielded a degradation percentage of 37.16 %. On the other hand, the B group, containing sterilized soil in which the EF worms were present, yielded a degradation percentage of 60.76 %. Finally, with the A group, in which the soil was unsterilized and EF worms were present, degraded in 74.85 %. Eisenia foetida (EF). En el grupo D, cuyo suelo estaba esterilizado y en ausencia de EF, se obtuvo una degradación del CPF de 33.68 %. En el grupo C, donde el suelo no estaba esterilizado y en ausencia de EF, se obtuvo un porcentaje de degradación de 37.16 %. Por otro lado, el grupo B, que contenía suelo esterilizado en presencia de EF, mostró un porcentaje de degradación de 60.76 %. Finalmente, el grupo A, cuyo suelo no estaba esterilizado y en presencia de EF, se degradó en un 74.85 %.

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