ResumoLevantamento florístico e análise fitossociológica de um Abstract Floristic composition and phytosociological analysis of a Mixed Araucaria Forest remainder inPinhais county, Paraná state -Brazil. This research intended to present the Floristic Composition and Phytosociological Analysis of an Araucaria Forest remainder. At the studied area, two different pedologycal units were analyzed; in each area 15 square samples (10X10) were randomly distributed. Within both units it was numbered 307 trees (pbh ≥ 15 cm), even 33 dead ones. 44 species were detected among the 274 alive individuals, belonging to 31 genus and 21 families. The most important species due to value importance (VI) were: Myrsine umbellata (71,51) Araucaria angustifolia (50,94), Podocarpus lambertii (46,42), Sebastiania commersoniana (32,52) and Myrcia multiflora (27,76).

As queimas controladas constituem práticas de manejo utilizadas em diferentes tipos de vegetação e difundidas em vários países. No entanto, para a realização de tais práticas com segurança e eficiência é fundamental o conhecimento do comportamento do fogo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento do fogo em queimas controladas de vegetação Estepe Gramíneo-Lenhosa no estado do Paraná. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento no município de Palmeira, onde 20 parcelas foram queimadas, sendo metade a favor e metade contra o vento. A carga de material combustível fino estimada foi de 2,26 kg.m-2, com teor médio de umidade de 50,45%. A quantidade de material consumido pela queima foi de 1,76 kg.m-2, com uma eficiência média de queima de 76,86%. As médias obtidas, a favor e contra o vento, foram respectivamente: velocidade de propagação do fogo de 0,049 e 0,012 m.s-1, altura das chamas de 1,34 e 0,843 m, intensidade do fogo de 210,53 e 50,68 kcal.m-1.s-1 e calor liberado de 4.067,19 e 4.508,92 kcal.m-2. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as queimas controladas em vegetação de campos naturais, realizadas dentro dos critérios estabelecidos de planos de queima, são viáveis e seguras sob o ponto de vista de perigo de incêndios.Palavras chave: Queima prescrita; material combustível; intensidade do fogo; perigo de incêndios. AbstractFire behavior of prescribed burns in grassland on Palmeira county, Paraná, Brazil. The prescribed burns are practices of management used in different types of vegetation and widespread in several countries. However, to carry out such practices safely and effectively is fundamental knowledge of fire behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the fire behavior in controlled burning of grassland vegetation in Paraná state. For this, an experiment was conducted in Palmeira County, where 20 plots were burned, half in favor and half against the wind. The estimated fine fuel loading was 2.26 kg.m-2, with average moisture content of 50.45%. The fuel consumption by burning was 1.76 kg.m-2 with an average efficiency of burning of 76.86%. The averages, for and against the wind, were: speed of fire spread of 0.049 and 0.012 m.s-1, the flame height of 1.34 m and 0.843, fire intensity of 210.53 and 50.68 kcal.m-1.s-1 and heat released from 4,067.19 and 4,508.92 kcal.m-2. The results show that the controlled burnings of grasslands vegetation, carried out within the established criteria burning plans are feasible and safe from the aspect of fire danger.Keywords: Prescribed burns; fuel loading; fire intensity; fire risk.

Euterpe edulis Mart. is an endangered palm tree. This species is of high ecological importance because it produces flowers and fruits in large quantities for pollinators and dispersers. Phenological studies help to understand the periods of availability of these resources, as well as allowing relating the species reproductive cycles with environmental variables such as altitude, precipitation, temperatures and relative humidity. Knowing that altitude influences meteorological variables, this study aimed to follow the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in two altitudinal classes and to verify if there is a difference in the phenological pattern due to the altitudinal difference. The study was conducted in Salto Morato Nature Reserve, a protected area located in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, more specifically, in the city of Guaraqueçaba, Paraná state. Monthly activity and intensity data were collected for the following phenophases: flowering, aborted bunches, immature fruits, green fruits and ripe fruits. Meteorological stations collected hourly temperature and relative humidity data on the altitudinal classes. Meteorological and phenology intensity data were correlated by Spearman correlation. There was a delay in the onset of phenophases in class II (200 to 400 m a.s.l) compared with class I (20 to 100 m a.s.l). In both altitude classes, ripe fruits were negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that they are available in a period of scarce forest resources. However, the amount of months that ripe fruits were available was different for each altitudinal class. We conclude that altitude influences the reproductive phenology of E. edulis, making this species even more important for feeding the fauna.

Three species of Panaeolus were collected in the western region of Paraná State, South Brazil. Panaeolus sylvaticus is proposed as a new species, based on macro- and micromorphological features and substrate (rotten wood and litter). Panaeolus antillarum and P. papilionaceus var. parvisporus, two coprophilous and widely distributed species, are also reported. All species are illustrated and discussed in detail, regarding their taxonomy, ecology and distribution. A key to the known species of Panaeolus from Paraná State is presented.

RESUMOA região da Estepe Gramíneo-Lenhosa no Paraná, também conhecida por Campos Gerais, cobre aproximadamente 20.000 km 2 do Estado, compondo uma zona fitogeográfica com vegetação de campos limpos adaptada a ambientes relativamente secos. Apresenta elevado perigo de incêndios, especialmente após o inverno, quando a massa de material morto e as condições meteorológicas favorecem a propagação do fogo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o material combustível fino dessa vegetação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Caminho das Tropas, localizada no município de Palmeira -PR. As coletas de material foram feitas em 35 pontos distribuídos em uma área de 25 hectares, sendo realizadas 4 amostragens durante um ano nas estações do outono, inverno, primavera e verão. Foram consideradas 3 classes de material para análise: vivo, morto e miscelânea. A carga média de material fino obtida foi de 10,985 Mg.ha -1 (megagrama por hectare) a qual se encontra dentro da faixa de valores obtidos por diversos autores para a vegetação de campos, que pode variar de 4,90 Mg.ha -1 a 13,80 Mg.ha -1 . O teor de umidade manteve-se praticamente constante para o material vivo nas 4 estações do ano, enquanto para as demais classes houve variações, sendo mais acentuadas para a estação do verão. Quanto à proporção de material vivo, morto e miscelânea em relação ao total de material coletado em cada estação, o material morto manteve-se estável, enquanto o material vivo e a miscelânea apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento do material combustível da região da Estepe no Paraná, sendo subsídio para a avaliação do comportamento do fogo e para a prevenção e combate a eventuais incêndios que venham a ocorrer nessa vegetação. Palavras-chave: prevenção de incêndios florestais; combustíveis florestais; campos naturais. ABSTRACTThe Grassy-Woody Steppe region of Paraná, also known as "Campos Gerais", covers approximately 20,000 km 2 of the state, composing a phytogeographic zone with vegetation adapted to relatively dry environments. It presents high danger of fires, especially after the winter, when the dead fuel accumulation and the meteorological conditions favor the propagation of fire. The present study aimed to characterize the fine fuel material of this vegetation. The research was developed in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve "Caminho das Tropas" (coordinated UTMs 620334 and 7196739), located in Palmeira municipality, Brazil. Fuel collections were done in 35 points distributed in an area of 25 hectares, being carried out 4 samplings during a year in the seasons of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Three classes of fuels were considered for analysis: live fuel, dead fuel and miscellaneous. The average load of thin fuels obtained was 10,985 Mg.ha -1 (megagramm per hectare), which is within the range of values obtained by several authors for field vegetation, which can vary from 4.90 to 13.80 Mg.ha -1 . The moisture content re...