Background: The small intestine is extremely sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and a range of microcirculatory disturbances which contribute to tissue damage. Previous studies have shown that leptin plays an important physiological role in the microvasculature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of leptin in I/R -induced mucosal injury in the small intestine.

We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum. She had profuse bleeding in rectum for 5 d. By colonoscopy, polyps were determined in the rectum and biopsies were carried out. Histopathologically, the polyps were adenomatous. Because of the profuse bleeding in rectum, she underwent low anterior resection. After the diagnosis of SCC, she received intravenous chemotherapy with standard doses of siklofosfamid, adriamycin, and vepesid. Nevertheless, intracranial metastases were revealed and she died 6 mo after the operation.

Playing with an anesthesia mask given during a preanesthesia visit relieved anxiety, improved mask acceptance quality and shortened the induction period. We believe that this type of premedication would be feasible in gaseous induction of anesthesia in children.

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These findings show that both S. boulardii and bombesin inhibit the translocation of C. albicans from the gastrointestinal tract, although mucosal ulceration, submucosal inflammation in the large bowel, and dissemination in the liver and kidneys were significantly less severe in the bombesin-treated immunosuppressed rats.