The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare main changes of contemporary Belgrade and Istanbul - two urban nodes at the crossroads of different and multileveled flows. Following the same pattern of global activation, inevitable competition and networking, these cities are trying to synchronize their multidimensional background, establish new patterns of global behavior and adjust them to the dynamism of modern life. Consequently, their historical role has been modified, urban tissue has been developed, recreated and regenerated, and the output of this process represents an attractive testimony of their global initiation. Revealing the ambiguous nature of strong economic forces as well as a new fusion of urban cultures, Belgrade and Istanbul are structuring the globalized image with the new key-elements. However, their true potential and the real efficiency of this process should be re-evaluated - the changed physiognomy of the city could improve its position in the global hierarchy and facilitate its integration into the global community, but, sometimes, local limitations are too complex and too strong to be ignored

Transportation infrastructure and logistics facilities are partly different in both Turkey and Germany in terms of geographical location, industrial history and economy. The world witnesses the highest logistics performance index score in Germany. Meanwhile, Turkey experiences a promptly development. As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation, Germany leads in developing logistics strategies and services as a key member of the EU's economic and political structure. On the other hand, Turkey possesses a strategic location between the continents but conventionally problems in transportation mode split and interconnectivity of systems that interfere with "hub" role for its region and achieve economic benefit. This paper aims to focus on transportation mode sprit and location decision of freight villages in Germany to understand the mind behind success. With this purpose, first section is substantially based on secondary data gathered from Turkish/German Statistical Institutes, Ministries of Transportation and NGO's of the sector and academic studies. Finally, the lessons to be taken for Turkey's future policies are presented. Results indicate that, the finest detail is hidden behind the railway investments and their connections with other modes for Turkey. Germany's logistics workforce and infrastructure is geographically spread all over the country, but in Turkey, unbalanced regional development force country to polarised developed regions in the western part.

Forthcoming expected results due to the phenomenon of global warming require adaptation strategies and precautions promptly to be taken on international, national and local scales. With reference to this urgent circumstance, policy frameworks executed by the international organizations, governments and ministries of nations on the consequences of adaptation to climate change have been on the agenda over the last decade. This study is derived from Turkey's policy of approach that excludes the investments of infrastructure and economic sectors from the scope of the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan (2011) as a critic from the perspective of balanced development that is also an instrument of sustainability. Therefore, to clarify this deficiency, factors of infrastructure and economic sectors exacerbating the process of climate change and their mutual interaction with other sectors and nature is identified and discussed over remarkable samples from three geographically and socio-economically different basins in Turkey, studied since 2005 by the researchers of this paper. In order to coordinate adaptation to climate change, this study designates: (1) the essential role of water-soil-vegetation integrity of the life cycle with human activities, (2) controllable and observable scale for the management of risks and hazardous events, (3) opportunity to determine capacities and thresholds based on cross-sector interaction in terms of the characteristics of the local natural environment and (4) co-existence of communities and settlement system patterns sharing a fate of union of particular bases for implementing holistic basinscale as a strategy of smart planning. As a result, compelling impacts of climate change once again verify and remind us of the significance of interdisciplinary and holistic political decision-making and modules that should involve all sectors in the strategy of smart planning for the future.

5 Türkiye'de kentleşme sürecinde plansız yapılaşma ve bina yapım maliyetlerinin düşük tutulması gibi unsurlar konut binalarında enerji tüketiminin Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ortalamalarının iki katı gerçekleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu gidişat karşısında Türkiye'de 2007 yılından itibaren Enerji Verimliliği Kanunu ve Enerji Performans Yönetmeliği uygulamaya konularak, mevcut konut binalarının enerji tüketimi-kabuk ilişkisindeTurkey has undergone inadequate development during a process of rapid urbanization and growth since the 1950s, parallel to reduced construction costs for residential buildings. This has contributed to household energy consumption in Turkey growing to twice the global average, and twice the averages of European Union member states. In response, the Energy Efficiency Law and other energy performance regulations were enacted in 2007. As a part of "Assessing the Inventory for Renewable Energy Utilization in Existing Residential Buildings and Setting Up Local Design Parameters," supported by the Yıldız Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department, İstanbul's Beykoz District was chosen as the case area. Using solar energy for heating purposes is popular in Beykoz for a number of reasons, including the prevalence of mostly detached buildings and abundant green space, as well as less building density and fewer stories, compared to the city center. Four buildings were studied in order to identify improvements that would allow for a reduction in cooling and heating loads in existing residential buildings in the context of building envelopes. Research of the four existing residential buildings executes similar results. Results of the study of a multi-family residential building in the neighborhood of Kanlıca is presented. Determined by the calculation of cooling-heating loads and carbon emissions, improvements designed to efficiently utilize solar energy where the building envelope permits are identified. These improvements address window space, eaves, and characteristics, as well as exterior wall insulation thickness, draft prevention, shading, landscaping features, and control of solar energy. Average monthly and annual heating-cooling requirements were calculated using IESVE simulation software. The improvements yielded a 72% drop in annual heating energy consumption and a 24% drop in annual cooling energy consumption, resulting in an average drop of 62% in CO 2 emissions. ARTICLE

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