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ÖzBu çalışmada atık cam tozu ile üretilen geopolimer harçların fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerine kalsiyum alüminat çimentosunun farklı kür koşullarında etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla atık cam tozu ve %5, %10, %15, %20 ve %25 oranında kalsiyum alüminat çimentoları (Isıdaç40 ve Refro50) içeren onbir farklı karışıma sahip geopolimer harçlar üretilmiştir. Harçlarda aktivatör olarak sodyum silikat kullanılmıştır. Üretilen geopolimer harçlar 24 saat 90°C etüv ve 24 saat hava + 24 saat 90°C etüv olmak üzere 2 farklı küre tabi tutulmuştur. Harçlar üzerinde yayılma tablası, su emme-boşluk oranı, eğilme ve basınç dayanımı deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. En yüksek 7 ve 28 günlük basınç dayanım değerleri hava+etüv küründe %5 Isıdaç40 tipi çimento ile üretilen harçlarda sırasıyla 24,2 MPa ve 25,5 MPa olarak elde edilmiştir.

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<p>Upper Cretaceous arc-related volcanic and volcanoclastic units overlying the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Istanbul Zone are a key unit related to the opening of the Black Sea as a back-arc basin. They formed as a result of north dipping subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean beneath Laurasia. We studied the Upper Cretaceous volcanic units north of Istanbul along several stratigraphic sections, and present new geochemical data from the volcanic rocks in order to understand Cretaceous geodynamic evolution of the İstanbul Zone.</p><p>The Upper Cretaceous  volcanic units north of Istanbul are divided into two formations. At the base there is a fore-arc turbidite succession,the İshaklı Formation, which is made up of volcaniclastic sandstone, shale, marl, tuff, debris flow horizons and epiclastic rocks of Turonian age. The İshaklı Formation is conformably overlain by the volcanoclastics,  tuffs, andesite and basalt lavas and agglomerates- the Riva Formation, which represents the arc/ intra-arc series.</p><p>Geochemically, basalts and basaltic andesites of the Riva Formation are low K calc-alkaline to medium-high K calc-alkaline and with magnesium numbers ranging from 32.6% to 51.5% Primitive mantle normalized spider diagram of trace elements show  enrichment in LILE elements (K, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Th and U) and depletion in HFS elements ( Nb,Ta and Ti) . The high ratio of LILE/ HFS and negative Nb-Ta anomalies indicate that the volcanism evolved in subduction setting. Chondirite-normalized REE pattern display slight negative Eu anomalies and the La/Yb ratios of the samples range between 2,76 and 4,89. Our new geochemical, stratigraphical and the regional geological data suggest that north of Istanbul there was a transition from fore-arc deposition to arc volcanism during the Late Cretaceous opening of the Western Black Sea.  Considering the whole Pontide – Sredna-Gora Upper Cretaceous magmatic arc, it can be stated that calc-alkaline volcanism developed in relation to northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere during the Turonian, and may have passed into high-K calc alkaline and shoshonitic magmatism as a result of the progressive extentional tectonism during the Campanian.</p>