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BACKGROUND AND AIM:The aim of this study is To determine the clinical, radiological and bacteriological characteristics of pleural empyema in children. METHOD:This is a retrospective study over 10 years spanning from 2011 to 2021 collecting all cases of purulent pleurisy under the age of 14. RESULTS:It's about 29 patients. The age was between 3 months and 6 years with an average age of 2 years. Antibiotic therapy before admission was received by 19 patients associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 12 cases. The fever had been evolving for an average of 6 days. On imaging, 27 patients had unilateral involvement and 2 had bilateral involvement. The pleural effusion was abundant in 12 cases and compartmentalized in 15 cases. The bacteriological study showed the presence of streptoccocus pneumoniae in 5 cases including 4 of reduced sensitivity to penicillin and staphyloccocus aureus resistant to methicillin in 3 cases. Interventional treatment was indicated in 45% of cases. CONCLUSIONS:Infectious pleural effusion is a serious pathology, the frequency of which is probably increased due to the excessive use of antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

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The adenosine triphosphate binding cassette member A3 (ABCA3) is a lipid transporter involved in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis. ABCA3 deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a cause of respiratory distress syndrome in term neonates. The clinical spectrum and severity of lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations vary widely. We present a term newborn who presented respiratory distress short afterbirth. Despite treatment and supportive care, she developed a refractory progressive hypoxic respiratory failure and she died. She received repeated surfactant doses always with transient improvement. She was found to be a compound heterozygote for 2 non-previously described ABCA3 gene mutations, one inherited from each parent.